Trial reportNutrients2019
Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 370 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of 4 Days of Extended Evening Fasting on Metabolic Health, Energy Balance and Appetite
The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting Towards Elevated Blood Pressure Among Civil Servants in Aceh
Time Limited Eating in New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effect on β-cell Function
The Effect of Acute Time-Restricted Eating on Energy Intake, Subjective Appetite and Glycaemic Control in Young Healthy Males
Evaluation de l'efficacité du Support Nutritionnel entéral Intermittent Sur la défaillance d'Organes de Patients de réanimation Sous Ventilation assistée ENteral NUTrition - Continue Intermittent
The Impact of Time Restricted Eating on Type 2 Diabetes Study
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
Who cites it
370 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 624 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of 8-Hour Time-Restricted Eating (16/8 TRE) on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profile in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Psychological and Psychiatric Consequences of Prolonged Fasting: Neurobiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- A Bibliometric Analysis of Chrononutrition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Public Health in International Research (1957-2025).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Clinical Impact of Time-restricted Eating on Cancer: A Systematic Review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of time-restricted eating without caloric restriction on blood pressure and cardiometabolic profile in non-diabetic adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Individuals with Overweight or Obesity and Cancer.Obesity facts · 2025Guideline
- The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of time-restricted eating on sleep in adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Compared with Those of Continuous Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Time-restricted eating versus dietetic guidance on glycaemic outcomes in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Rationale and design of a PROBE trial comparing continuous enteral nutrition to time-restricted enteral nutrition in severe stroke.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2026Trial
- Early meal timing improves nocturnal glucose in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Do the Effects of Early Time-Restricted Eating Vary by Cardiometabolic Phenotype, Age, Sex, or Race? A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- A Brief Web-Based and Mobile Intervention of Intermittent Fasting With Meal Support for Weight Loss Among Adults With Overweight and Obesity in Japan: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Trial
- Intermittent Fasting May Enhance Resistance Training Effects on the Body Composition of Obese Males, Without Affecting Muscular Strength and Anabolic Index.Journal of obesity · 2026Trial
- Impact of Intended Isocaloric Early versus Late Time-Restricted Eating on Plasma Lipidome in Women with Overweight or Obesity: Secondary Analysis of the ChronoFast Trial.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Trial
- A Qualitative Exploration of Facilitators and Barriers to Early Time-Restricted Eating: Insights From a Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Trial
- Flexible time-restricted eating combined with exercise in a free-living setting for middle-aged women with overweight/obesity: a randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
310 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves having a longer daily fasting period. Preliminary studies report that TRF improves cardiometabolic health in rodents and humans. Here, we performed the first study to determine how TRF affects gene expression, circulating hormones, and diurnal patterns in cardiometabolic risk factors in humans. Eleven overweight adults participated in a 4-day randomized crossover study where they ate between 8 am and 2 pm (early TRF (eTRF)) and between 8 am and 8 pm (control schedule). Participants underwent continuous glucose monitoring, and blood was drawn to assess cardiometabolic risk factors, hormones, and gene expression in whole blood cells. Relative to the control schedule, eTRF decreased mean 24-hour glucose levels by 4 ± 1 mg/dl (
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.