SynthesisJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2020
Systematic Review: United States Workforce for Autism-Related Child Healthcare Services.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Outcomes from the ASPEN intervention program: a randomized clinical trial of a culturally adapted parent-mediated intervention program in low-resource settings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Access to Autism Behavioral Therapy Services: An Analysis of 2022-2023 National Survey of Children's Health Data.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Characterizing service receipt among families of young autistic children from low-resourced communities.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2026Article
- Child Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Maternal Abuse and Trauma History.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- The pathway of early detection, diagnosis, and intervention for autistic children: a multi-center mixed method study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Understanding disparities in autism diagnosis and care: A socioecological perspective.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Hybrid Telehealth Adaptation of COMPASS for Hope: Parent-Mediated Outcomes in Autism.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integration of Family Navigation into ECHO Autism for Pediatric Primary Care in Underserved Communities.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Management of critical care emergencies in children with autism spectrum disorder.World journal of critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Delays to Behavioral Therapy in Michigan for Children Diagnosed with Autism: A Summary of Needs Assessment Outcomes to Inform Public Policy Advocacy Initiatives.Behavior analysis in practice · 2025Article
- Brief Report: Service Referral and Enrollment Following Autism Diagnosis in Primary Care.Research in autism · 2025Article
- Exploring Factors of Diagnostic Timing Among Black Autistic Youth.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Pharmacological treatment in autism: a proposal for guidelines on common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- Validation of Autism Stigma Knowledge - Questionnaire (ASK-Q) for Brazilian Portuguese.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Article
- The Face of Autism in Israel.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2023Review
- Serving Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Age of COVID-19: Special Considerations for Rural Families.Rural special education quarterly · 2023Article
- The Global Status of Occupational Therapy Workforce Research Worldwide: A Scoping Review.The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association · 2023Article
- To better meet the needs of autistic people, we need to rethink how we measure services.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveA diversity of health professional disciplines provide services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States. We conducted a systematic review examining the availability, distribution, and competencies of the US workforce for autism-related child health care services, and assess studies' strength of evidence.
methodWe searched PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, and Google Scholar from 2008 to 2018 for relevant US-based studies. Two investigators independently screened and evaluated studies against a set of prespecified inclusion criteria and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) using a framework designed to integrate a mixed-methods research.
resultsOf 754 records identified, 33 studies (24 quantitative, 6 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods) were included. Strength of evidence associated was low-to-moderate, with only 8 studies (24%) satisfying criteria for strong SOE. Geographies and provider cadres varied considerably. The most common specialties studied were pediatricians (n = 13), occupational therapists (n = 12), speech therapists (n = 11), physical therapists (n = 10), and child psychiatrists (n = 8). Topical areas included the following: provider availability by service area and care delivery model; qualitative assessments of provider availability and competency; role of insurance mandates in increasing access to providers: and disparities in access. Across provider categories, we found that workforce availability for autism-related services was limited in terms of overall numbers, time available, and knowledgeability. The greatest unmet need was observed among minorities and in rural settings. Most studies were short term, were limited in scope, and used convenience samples.
conclusionThere is limited evidence to characterize the availability and distribution of the US workforce for autism-related child health care services. Existing evidence to date indicates significantly restricted availability.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.