Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31148245›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2019

Maxwell-compensated design of asymmetric gradient waveforms for tensor-valued diffusion encoding.

Filip Szczepankiewicz, Carl-Fredrik Westin, Markus Nilsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed.

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  13. Engineering clinical translation of OGSE diffusion MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Filip SzczepankiewiczDepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-5251-587X
Carl-Fredrik WestinDepartment of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Markus NilssonClinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Funding

Training and DisseminationP41EB015902 · NIBIB · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WELLS, WILLIAM M. · 2012 to 2022
$20.9M
Novel DT-MRI Analyses of White Matter in SchizophreniaR01MH074794 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WESTIN, CARL-FREDRIK · 2007 to 2021
$9.6M
NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015902NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074794
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDiffusion encoding with asymmetric gradient waveforms is appealing because the asymmetry provides superior efficiency. However, concomitant gradients may cause a residual gradient moment at the end of the waveform, which can cause significant signal error and image artifacts. The purpose of this study was to develop an asymmetric waveform designs for tensor-valued diffusion encoding that is not sensitive to concomitant gradients.

methodsThe "Maxwell index" was proposed as a scalar invariant to capture the effect of concomitant gradients. Optimization of "Maxwell-compensated" waveforms was performed in which this index was constrained. Resulting waveforms were compared to waveforms from literature, in terms of the measured and predicted impact of concomitant gradients, by numerical analysis as well as experiments in a phantom and in a healthy human brain.

resultsMaxwell-compensated waveforms with Maxwell indices below 100 (mT/m)

conclusionConstraining the Maxwell index in the optimization of asymmetric gradient waveforms yields efficient diffusion encoding that negates the effects of concomitant fields while enabling arbitrary shapes of the b-tensor. This waveform design is especially useful in combination with strong gradients, long encoding times, thick slices, simultaneous multi-slice acquisition, and large FOVs.

Indexed as

AdultBrainDiffusion Tensor ImagingHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMalePhantoms, ImagingSignal Processing, Computer-Assistedasymmetric gradient waveformsconcomitant gradientsMaxwell termstensor-valued diffusion encoding

Identifiers

PMID31148245
PMCPMC6626569

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.