Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31147405›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2019

Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa.

Mary E Prendergast, Mark Lipson, Elizabeth A Sawchuk, Iñigo Olalde, Christine A Ogola, Nadin Rohland, Kendra A Sirak, Nicole Adamski, Rebecca Bernardos, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht and 23 more

Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Sudan's complex genetic admixture history drives adaptation to malaria in Sudanese Copts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  7. Global patterns of natural selection inferred using ancient DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
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  11. Article
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  18. Enamel-dentine junction morphology reveals population replacement and mobility in the late prehistoric Middle Nile Valley.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors.

Mary E PrendergastDivision of Humanities, Saint Louis University, 28003 Madrid, Spain. mary.prendergast@slu.edu mlipson@genetics.med.harvard.edu elizabeth.sawchuk@stonybrook.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-0275-6795
Mark LipsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mary.prendergast@slu.edu mlipson@genetics.med.harvard.edu elizabeth.sawchuk@stonybrook.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-5346-9329
Elizabeth A SawchukDepartment of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA. mary.prendergast@slu.edu mlipson@genetics.med.harvard.edu elizabeth.sawchuk@stonybrook.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4398-2174
Iñigo OlaldeDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2660-6807
Christine A OgolaDepartment of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Nadin RohlandDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Kendra A SirakDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2347-3479
Nicole AdamskiDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2268-1359
Rebecca BernardosDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4625-3727
Nasreen BroomandkhoshbachtDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5350-1608
Kimberly CallanDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3170-8514
Brendan J CulletonInstitutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Laurie EcclesDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Thomas K HarperDepartment of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Ann Marie LawsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0990-2329
Matthew MahDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8987-6436
Jonas OppenheimerDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7973-6173
Kristin StewardsonDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Fatma ZalzalaDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8981-1277
Stanley H AmbroseDepartment of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8785-0512
George AyodoDepartment of Public and Community Health, School of Health Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya.
Henry Louis GatesHutchins Center for African and African American Research, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Agness O GidnaNational Museums of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Maggie KatongoLivingstone Museum, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0002-5286-1350
Amandus KwekasonNational Museums of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Audax Z P MabullaNational Museums of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
George S MudendaLivingstone Museum, Livingstone, Zambia.ORCID 0000-0003-0014-260X
Emmanuel K NdiemaDepartment of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Charles NelsonAcademy for Lifelong Learning, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2157-6610
Peter RobertshawDepartment of Anthropology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2286-1464
Douglas J KennettDepartment of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
Fredrick K ManthiDepartment of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
David ReichDepartment of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mary.prendergast@slu.edu mlipson@genetics.med.harvard.edu elizabeth.sawchuk@stonybrook.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-7037-5292

Funding

Population mixture in evolutionary and medical geneticsR01GM100233 · NIGMS · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI PATTERSON, NICK J, REICH, DAVID E · 2012 to 2019
$2.7M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM100233
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How food production first entered eastern Africa ~5000 years ago and the extent to which people moved with livestock is unclear. We present genome-wide data from 41 individuals associated with Later Stone Age, Pastoral Neolithic (PN), and Iron Age contexts in what are now Kenya and Tanzania to examine the genetic impacts of the spreads of herding and farming. Our results support a multiphase model in which admixture between northeastern African-related peoples and eastern African foragers formed multiple pastoralist groups, including a genetically homogeneous PN cluster. Additional admixture with northeastern and western African-related groups occurred by the Iron Age. These findings support several movements of food producers while rejecting models of minimal admixture with foragers and of genetic differentiation between makers of distinct PN artifacts.

Indexed as

Genome, HumanAgricultureDNA, AncientHistory, AncientHuman MigrationHumansKenyaOccupationsTanzaniaDNA, Ancient

Identifiers

PMID31147405
PMCPMC6827346

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.