ArticleBMC medical research methodology2019
A protocol for a multi-site, spatially-referenced household survey in slum settings: methods for access, sampling frame construction, sampling, and field data collection.
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Uncovering and investigating reasons for inaccuracies in vaccine card records in Kiyawa LGA Jigawa, Nigeria: a mixed method study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- 'It is the mother who will prepare [the] food that the father and children will eat': opportunities and constraints among household food preparers in urban slums in Nigeria.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Predicting Sanitation Behaviors: Comparison of Willingness to Pay Techniques for Sanitation Services in Urban Dhaka, Bangladesh.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Navigating the Lay Referral System for Treatment-Seeking Decisions During Illness in the Digital Age: A Qualitative Study of Adults Living in Slums in Nigeria.Sociology of health & illness · 2025Article
- Does viral circulation in slums have a global impact? The lesson learned from SARS-CoV-2 circulation inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The relationship between food insecurity, purchasing patterns and perceptions of the food environment in urban slums in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC nutrition · 2024Article
- Extreme weather should be defined according to impacts on climate-vulnerable communities.Nature climate change · 2024Article
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- Perceived quality of care and choice of healthcare provider in informal settlements.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- What influences slum residents' choices of healthcare providers for common illnesses? Findings of a Discrete Choice Experiment in Ibadan, Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Tooth adornment among siblings living in an urban slum in Nigeria: Health implications for a vulnerable population.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
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- Do Community-based Livelihood Interventions Affect Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Young People in Slum Areas of Uganda: a Difference-in-difference with Kernel Propensity Score Matching Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Primary care doctor and nurse consultations among people who live in slums: a retrospective, cross-sectional survey in four countries.BMJ open · 2022Article
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- Ground-Truthing the Experiences of Homeless Older Adults' Recent Stays with Family and Friends: A Case Study of Participatory Data Analysis.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of oral health conditions and treatment needs among slum and non-slum urban residents: Evidence from Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Inequity of healthcare access and use and catastrophic health spending in slum communities: a retrospective, cross-sectional survey in four countries.BMJ global health · 2021Article
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1 author.
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Abstract
backgroundHousehold surveys are a key epidemiological, medical, and social research method. In poor urban environments, such as slums, censuses can often be out-of-date or fail to record transient residents, maps may be incomplete, and access to sites can be limit, all of which prohibits obtaining an accurate sampling frame. This article describes a method to conduct a survey in slum settings in the context of the NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Improving Health in Slums project.
methodsWe identify four key steps: obtaining site access, generation of a sampling frame, sampling, and field data collection. Stakeholder identification and engagement is required to negotiate access. A spatially-referenced sampling frame can be generated by: remote participatory mapping from satellite imagery; local participatory mapping and ground-truthing; and identification of all residents of each structure. We propose to use a spatially-regulated sampling method to ensure spatial coverage across the site. Finally, data collection using tablet devices and open-source software can be conducted using the generated sample and maps. DISCUSSION: Slums are home to a growing population who face some of the highest burdens of disease yet who remain relatively understudied. Difficulties conducting surveys in these locations may explain this disparity. We propose a generalisable, scientifically valid method that is sustainable and ensures community engagement.
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