ReviewMicroorganisms2019
The Emergence and Decennary Distribution of Clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI H5Nx.
Review in Microorganisms, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Marked Antigenic Divergence and Evolutionary Analysis of H5 AIVs from Wild Birds in East China, 2013-2022.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- An overview of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b and its emerging threat in mainland Australia: Identified knowledge gaps.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Article
- Wild birds drive the introduction, maintenance, and spread of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in Spain, 2021-2022.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Evolutionary trajectories and zoonotic potential of a PB2 mutation triad (I147T, K339T, and A588T) in avian influenza viruses.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Genomic and evolutionary characterization of newly emerged highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade (2023-2025).Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Deep learning predicts potential reassortments of avian H5N1 with human influenza viruses.National science review · 2025Article
- Quantum dot immunochromatographic strip for rapid and sensitive detection of H5 subtype avian influenza virus.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Using homologous network to identify reassortment risk in H5Nx avian influenza viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Detection, transmission and spread of airborne avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses: experimental and field investigations.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Emergence, migration and spreading of the high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H5NX of the Gs/Gd lineage into America.The Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Article
- Long-term immune responses induced by low-dose infection with high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses can protect mallards from reinfection with a heterologous strain.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic infection and antibody prevalence to co-occurring avian influenza viruses vary substantially between sympatric seabird species following H5N1 outbreaks.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Canids from Pennsylvania, USA.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Recombinant duck enteritis virus bearing the hemagglutinin genes of H5 and H7 influenza viruses is an ideal multivalent live vaccine in ducks.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Assessment of Survival Kinetics for Emergent Highly Pathogenic Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx Avian Influenza Viruses.Viruses · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reassortment events among influenza viruses occur naturally and may lead to the development of new and different subtypes which often ignite the possibility of an influenza outbreak. Between 2008 and 2010, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 of the N1 subtype from the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-like (Gs/GD) lineage generated novel reassortants by introducing other neuraminidase (NA) subtypes reported to cause most outbreaks in poultry. With the extensive divergence of the H5 hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of documented viruses, the WHO/FAO/OIE H5 Evolutionary Working Group clustered these viruses into a systematic and unified nomenclature of clade 2.3.4.4 currently known as "H5Nx" viruses. The rapid emergence and circulation of these viruses, namely, H5N2, H5N3, H5N5, H5N6, H5N8, and the regenerated H5N1, are of great concern based on their pandemic potential. Knowing the evolution and emergence of these novel reassortants helps to better understand their complex nature. The eruption of reports of each H5Nx reassortant through time demonstrates that it could persist beyond its usual seasonal activity, intensifying the possibility of these emerging viruses' pandemic potential. This review paper provides an overview of the emergence of each novel HPAI H5Nx virus as well as its current epidemiological distribution.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.