SynthesisNeuroImage. Clinical2019
Structural alterations in functional neurological disorder and related conditions: a software and hardware problem?
Synthesis in NeuroImage. Clinical, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autonomic, Endocrine, and Inflammation Profiles in Functional Neurological Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2022Pooled it
- Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026Review
- Functional and Structural Brain Imaging Correlates of Treatment Response in Functional Movement Disorder.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Overview of somatization through three historical lenses and future directions.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Idiopathic Scoliosis as a Conversion Reaction to Stress with the Neural Effect of a "Distorting Mirror".Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ultra-high field brain MRI for functional neurological disorder: opportunities and challenges.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Review
- Inpatient cognitive analytic therapy for functional neurological disorder: A mixed methods four-phase single-case experimental design.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2025Article
- Functional/dissociative seizures: Proposal for a new diagnostic label and definition by the ILAE task force.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Functional Movement Disorder: Evolving Mechanisms, Diagnostic Precision, and Personalized Multidisciplinary Care.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Review
- Education Research: Targeting Self-Described Knowledge Gaps to Improve Functional Neurologic Disorder Education Among Clinicians.Neurology. Education · 2025Article
- Comorbidities Across Functional Neurological Disorder Subtypes: A Comprehensive Narrative Synthesis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Machine learning classification of functional neurological disorder using structural brain MRI features.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Predictive Processing and the Pathophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Functional Neurological Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Complex and Potentially Significant Relationship.Brain and behavior · 2024Review
- Locus coeruleus co-activation patterns at rest show higher state persistence in patients with dissociative seizures: A Pilot Study.Epilepsia open · 2024Article
- Long COVID Is Not a Functional Neurologic Disorder.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Understanding Functional Neurological Disorder: Recent Insights and Diagnostic Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Words Matter: "Functional Neurologic Disorder" or "Functional Symptom Disorder"?Neurology. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Functional neurological disorder is a feminist issue.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2023Review
- Microstructural Differences of the Cerebellum-Thalamus-Basal Ganglia-Limbic Cortex in Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorders: a Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Study.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Functional neurological (conversion) disorder (FND) is a condition at the interface of neurology and psychiatry. A "software" vs. "hardware" analogy describes abnormal neurobiological mechanisms occurring in the context of intact macroscopic brain structure. While useful for explanatory and treatment models, this framework may require more nuanced considerations in the context of quantitative structural neuroimaging findings in FND. Moreover, high co-occurrence of FND and somatic symptom disorders (SSD) as defined in DSM-IV (somatization disorder, somatoform pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatoform disorder; referred to as SSD for brevity in this article) raises the possibility of a partially overlapping pathophysiology. In this systematic review, we use a transdiagnostic approach to review and appraise the structural neuroimaging literature in FND and SSD. While larger sample size studies are needed for definitive characterization, this article highlights that individuals with FND and SSD may exhibit sensorimotor, prefrontal, striatal-thalamic, paralimbic, and limbic structural alterations. The structural neuroimaging literature is contextualized within the neurobiology of stress-related neuroplasticity, gender differences, psychiatric comorbidities, and the greater spectrum of functional somatic disorders. Future directions that could accelerate the characterization of the pathophysiology of FND and DSM-5 SSD are outlined, including "disease staging" discussions to contextualize subgroups with or without structural changes. Emerging neuroimaging evidence suggests that some individuals with FND and SSD may have a "software" and "hardware" problem, although if structural alterations are present the neural mechanisms of functional disorders remain distinct from lesional neurological conditions. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether structural alterations relate to predisposing vulnerabilities or consequences of the disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.