ArticlePloS one2019
A significant therapeutic effect of silymarin administered alone, or in combination with chemotherapy, in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis caused by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant strains: In vitro and in vivo studies.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in research on the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of silybin: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Silymarin Reduces the Inflammatory Response and the Burden ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Silymarin and Silybin: Rejuvenating Traditional Remedies with Modern Delivery Strategies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Synergistic Effects of Curcumin and Antibiotics Against Drug-Sensitive and Multidrug-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Repurposed Drugs and Plant-Derived Natural Products as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic Candidates for Tuberculosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Potential of Silybin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antitubercular drugs: possible role of natural products acting as antituberculosis medication in overcoming drug resistance and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- The Use of Particulate Systems for Tuberculosis Prophylaxis and Treatment: Opportunities and Challenges.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Structural homology between 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase andFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Advances in adjunct therapy against tuberculosis: Deciphering the emerging role of phytochemicals.MedComm · 2021Review
- The Cholinergic System Contributes to the Immunopathological Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For many years, tuberculosis (TB) has been a major public health problem worldwide. Advances for treatment and eradication have been very limited. Silymarin (Sm) is a natural product with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities that has been proposed as a complementary medicine to reduce the liver injury produced by the conventional anti-TB chemotherapy. Sm also has immunoregulatory and microbicide properties. In this study, we determined the effect of Sm on the growth control of mycobacteria. In vitro studies showed that Sm and Silibinin (the principal active compound of Sm) have microbicidal activity against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) mycobacteria, induce the production of protective cytokines from infected macrophages, and improve the growth control of mycobacteria (p ≤ 0.0001). Studies in vivo using a model of progressive pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with drug-sensitive or MDR mycobacteria have shown that Sm induces significant expression of Th-1 cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12 as well as TNFα, which produce significant therapeutic activity when administered alone and apparently have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy. These results suggest that Sm has a bactericidal effect and can contribute to the control and establishment of a TH1 protective immune response against mycobacterial infection. Thus, it seems that this flavonoid has a promising potential as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.