ArticleEndocrine2019
Thyroid nodules over 4 cm do not have higher malignancy or benign cytology false-negative rates.
Article in Endocrine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology between larger and smaller size thyroid nodules.CytoJournal · 2025Article
- Article
- The role of elastography in the assessment of thyroid nodules in acromegaly.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Management of Thyroid Nodules.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2023Review
- Risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate (THY3f) cytology.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2022Article
- Malignancy risk of thyroid nodules: quality assessment of the thyroid ultrasound report.BMC medical imaging · 2022Article
- Clinicopathological Profile of Thyroid Carcinoma in Young Patients: An Indonesian Single-Center Study.Journal of thyroid research · 2022Article
- Navigating the Debate on Managing Large (≥4 cm) Thyroid Nodules.International journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Is patient age associated with risk of malignancy in a ≥4 cm cytologically benign thyroid nodule?American journal of surgery · 2021Article
- Article
- Impact of molecular testing on thyroid nodule neoplastic diagnosis, stratified by 4-cm size, in a surgical series.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWhether thyroid nodules 4 cm or larger with benign cytology carry a higher risk of malignancy, and should be managed differently than smaller nodules remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the malignancy rate and benign cytology false-negative rate in thyroid nodules ≥4 cm compared with those <4 cm.
methodsAll thyroidectomies between January 2010 and December 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics, preoperative sonographic nodule size, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and final surgical pathology results were compared for index nodules ≥4 vs. <4 cm.
resultsA total of 490 index nodules with preoperative FNAC were identified. A total of 137 nodules were ≥4 cm and 353 nodules were <4 cm. The prevalence of carcinoma was lower (23 vs. 53%) in nodules ≥4 vs. <4 cm (p < 0.0001). The false-negative rate of benign FNAC for ≥4 and <4 cm index nodule was 5.2% and 5.9%, respectively (p = 1.000).
conclusionsThis study shows that thyroid nodules ≥4 cm do not have a higher malignancy rate at surgery nor higher benign cytology false-negative rate than smaller nodules. Thyroid nodules over 4 cm do not require resection, to rule out malignancy, based on size alone.
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