ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2019
The reliability and validity of the Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale in the general population of Hong Kong.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pause and Breathe: Online Self-Help Mindfulness-Based Intervention: Investigation of Its Efficacy and Mechanism of Change
Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Virtually Delivered Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (vCST) and Online Dementia Carer Support
Randomized Controlled Trial on Precision Mental Health
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychometric properties of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Outdoor Exercise Facility-Based Integrative Mobile Health Intervention to Support Physical Activity, Mental Well-Being, and Exercise Self-Efficacy Among Older Adults With Prefrailty and Frailty in Hong Kong: Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2025Trial
- Impact of an online mindfulness-based program on wellbeing and trait mindfulness for research postgraduate students: a randomized-controlled trial.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- Promoting positive parenting and mental wellbeing in Hong Kong Chinese parents: A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Brief Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Mental Well-Being in Community Adults: A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of primary care & community healthTrial
- Introducing the Ottawa Clinical Fear of Recurrence-Self-Report; A New Assessment Tool for Clinical Fear of Cancer Recurrence.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- Meaningful voluntary work design and dual pathways for healthy aging (MVP-HA): a cross-sectional and mixed-methods study in Hong Kong.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- Construct validity of the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale in a diverse urban population.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the impact of a pilot social prescribing service for the armed forces community.Primary health care research & development · 2026Article
- How time exposure, role engagement and task essence ("3E") of volunteering interact to associate with healthy aging: a cross-sectional mixed-method study in Hong Kong.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The status and factors associated with the mental well-being of university students in China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Unfolding the Effects of Social Prescription, Health Consciousness Behavior, Physical Activity, and Mental Well-Being for Healthy Aging: An Empirical Analysis.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Effectiveness of a School-Based Mental Health Training Programme: The Transformative, Resilient, Youth-Led (TRY) Gym.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Short Warwick-Edinbugh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) among adolescents and youths.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- A think-aloud study exploring the application of composite time trade-off and discrete choice experiment methods for valuing the Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (C-SWEMWBS).Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- Revisiting the bi-factor structure of the short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale with samples in China.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Further validation of the Chinese short Warwick Edinburgh mental wellbeing scale in the adult population of Macau: an application of classic test theory and item response theory.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Reliability and validity of the short quality of life scale among bank employees in Guangxi, China.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the 7-item Chinese Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) in Hong Kong Chinese.
methodsUnder "A Jockey Club Initiative for a Harmonious Society" project, a random telephone survey was conducted in 2017 on 1331 Hong Kong Chinese residents aged ≥ 18. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test the factorial validity. The Spearman correlations of the SWEMWBS with other scales including the 12-item short form health survey (SF-12), family well-being, self-rated health, the global happiness item (GHI), subjective happiness scale (SHS), and patient health questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), were used to evaluate the convergent and divergent validity. Known-group validity was also assessed. We calculated congeneric reliability based on standardized factor loadings and error variances. Two-week test-retest reliability was assessed in 100 randomly selected respondents using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
resultsAmong the weighted sample, 55.9% were female and 72.9% were 25 to 64 years old. The CFA indicated good validity of the SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS had moderate correlations with SHS, SF-12 mental component, PHQ-4 and GHI, but a weak correlation with SF-12 physical component. Older respondents, those with higher education level, married, working, with higher household income reported higher level of well-being. The congeneric reliability of the SWEMWBS was 0.85. Moderate to good test-retest reliability was observed (ICC 0.70, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.80).
conclusionThe Chinese SWEMWBS showed good validity and reliability for measuring well-being in the general population of Hong Kong.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.