ArticleExperimental & applied acarology2019
The effect of sublethal concentrations of deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin on the fecundity and development of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) eggs and larvae.
Article in Experimental & applied acarology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abundance of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in domestic gardens in Belgium, 2020-2022: a citizen science approach.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Occurrence of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens During Warm Winter-A Snapshot from Central Europe.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Abnormal Development ofToxins · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two pyrethroids, deltamethrin (D) and alphacypermethrin (AC), have been used as commercial products for tick control worldwide. However, the effects of sublethal doses of these compounds on various tick species and their developmental stages have not been fully explored yet, although such knowledge could contribute to a more effective application of both pyrethroids and simultaneous reduction of their costs and undesirable side effects, including the harmful impact on other organisms and environmental contamination. This study investigates the effect of sublethal concentrations of D and AC applied to engorged females on the fecundity, development of eggs and larvae, and the number of offspring in the Ixodes ricinus (L.) tick, which is the most important vector of tick-borne diseases of humans in Europe. After detachment from rabbit's skin, fully engorged I. ricinus females were treated with 20 μl of pyrethroid solutions at five concentrations from 0.01562 to 0.25% and kept at 28 °C and 75% relative humidity. The impact of the pyrethroids on maturation and development of eggs as well as development of larvae was assessed based on parameters of the preoviposition and oviposition periods and the course of embryogenesis and egg hatch. The investigations have shown that both tested acaricides reduce the reproductive rate in I. ricinus females by inhibition of egg development and disturb embryonic development and larval hatch. Females did not lay eggs at concentrations higher than 0.0625% AC and 0.125% D. The lower concentrations of both pyrethroids disturbed or inhibited the embryogenesis and egg hatch in I. ricinus.
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