ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2020
Implementation of Syringe Services Programs to Prevent Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Transmission in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Network Models for HIV Spread.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Simulation Models to Track and Address the Opioid Crisis.Epidemiologic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring Sexually Transmitted and Bloodborne Infection Rates in Florida After Implementation of Syringe Services Programs: A Quasi-Experimental Study.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Rapid Identification of HIV Among People Who Inject Drugs: Tampa, FL, 2024.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Agent based modelling of blood borne viruses: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Intervention effect of targeted workplace closures may be approximated by single-layered networks in an individual-based model of COVID-19 control.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Estimated Number of Injection-Involved Overdose Deaths in US States From 2000 to 2020: Secondary Analysis of Surveillance Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Improving access to HIV care among people who inject drugs through tele-harm reduction: a qualitative analysis of perceived discrimination and stigma.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Applications of agent-based modeling in trauma research.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2023Article
- Variation in HIV Transmission Behaviors Among People Who Use Drugs in Rural US Communities.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Estimated Number of People Who Inject Drugs in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Factors associated with perceived ease of access to syringes in Appalachian North Carolina.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2023Article
- Brief Report: Use of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Rapid HIV Transmission Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Counties in the United States: A Modeling Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Article
- Characterizing opioid-involved overdose risk in local communities: An opioid overdose vulnerability assessment across Indiana, 2017.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Syringe Services Programs' Role in Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S.: Why We Cannot Do It Without Them.American journal of preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Machine learning takes a village: Assessing neighbourhood-level vulnerability for an overdose and infectious disease outbreak.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Methodological approaches for the prediction of opioid use-related epidemics in the United States: a narrative review and cross-disciplinary call to action.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Network structure and rapid HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: A simulation-based analysis.Epidemics · 2021Article
- Using a Modeling-Based Approach to Assess and Optimize HIV Linkage to Care Services.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSyringe services programs (SSPs) are effective venues for delivering harm-reduction services to people who inject drugs (PWID). However, SSPs often face significant barriers to implementation, particularly in the absence of known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outbreaks.
methodsUsing an agent-based model, we simulated HIV transmission in Scott County, Indiana, a rural county with a 1.7% prevalence of injection drug use. We compared outcomes arising in the absence of an SSP, in the presence of a pre-existing SSP, and with implementation of an SSP after the detection of an HIV outbreak among PWID over 5 years following the introduction of a single infection into the network.
resultsIn the absence of an SSP, the model predicted an average of 176 infections among PWID over 5 years or an incidence rate of 12.1/100 person-years. Proactive implementation averted 154 infections and decreased incidence by 90.3%. With reactive implementation beginning operations 10 months after the first infection, an SSP would prevent 107 infections and decrease incidence by 60.8%. Reductions in incidence were also observed among people who did not inject drugs.
conclusionsBased on model predictions, proactive implementation of an SSP in Scott County had the potential to avert more HIV infections than reactive implementation after the detection of an outbreak. The predicted impact of reactive SSP implementation was highly dependent on timely implementation after detecting the earliest infections. Consequently, there is a need for expanded proactive SSP implementation in the context of enhanced monitoring of outbreak vulnerability in Scott County and similar rural contexts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.