Trial reportBioMed research international2019
DNA Methyltransferases in Malar Melasma and Their Modification by Sunscreen in Combination with 4% Niacinamide, 0.05% Retinoic Acid, or Placebo.
Trial report in BioMed research international, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Sunscreen Use on Skin Pigmentation Disorders: Melasma, Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation, and Vitiligo.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the complexity of skin's biological aging utilizing epigenetic clocks.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Targeting Melasma: Innovations in Pigment Deposition and Photoaging in Cosmetic Dermatology.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review on Melasma Treatments and Their Histopathologic Correlates.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Nicotinamide: A Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Niacinamide: a review on dermal delivery strategies and clinical evidence.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- An Update on New and Existing Treatments for the Management of Melasma.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- Exposure factors in the occurrence and development of melasma (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- The Impact of Antioxidants on Vitiligo and Melasma: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Topical Treatments for Melasma and Their Mechanism of Action.The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology · 2022Review
- Association of testosterone level with melasma in men: a case-control study in Indonesia.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Melasma: A Condition of Asian Skin.Cureus · 2021Review
- Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalar melasma has a chronic and recurrent character that may be related to epigenetic changes.
objectiveTo recognize the expression and DNA methylation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in malar melasma and perilesional skin, as well as the changes in DNMTs after their treatment with sunscreen in combination with 4% niacinamide, 0.05% retinoic acid, or placebo.
methodsThirty female patients were clinically evaluated for the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b using real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. These initial results were compared to results after eight weeks of treatment with sunscreen in combination with niacinamide, retinoic acid, or placebo.
resultsThe relative expression of DNMT1 was significantly elevated in melasma compared with unaffected skin in all subjects, indicating DNA hypermethylation. After treatment, it was decreased in all groups: niacinamide (7 versus 1; p<0.01), retinoic acid (7 versus 2; p<0.05), and placebo (7 versus 3; p<0.05), which correlates with clinical improvement. DNMT3b was not overexpressed in lesional skin but reduced in all groups.
conclusionsWe found DNA hypermethylation in melasma lesions. Environmental factors such as solar radiation may induce cellular changes that trigger hyperpigmentation through the activation of pathways regulated by epigenetic modifications. However, limiting or decreasing DNA methylation through sunscreen, niacinamide, and retinoic acid treatments that provide photoprotection and genetic transcription can counteract this.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.