ArticleThe Pan African medical journal2019
Integrating immunisation services into nutrition sites to improve immunisation status of internally displaced persons' children living in Bentiu protection of civilian site, South Sudan.
Article in The Pan African medical journal, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence on Strategies for Integrating Nutrition Interventions with Health and Immunization Systems in Conflict-affected Areas of Low- and Lower-middle-income Settings-A Systematic Review.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccination in Forcibly Displaced, Pediatric Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Building evidences in Public Health Emergency Preparedness ("BePHEP" Project)-a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for improving coverage of childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Strengthening vaccination delivery system resilience in the context of protracted humanitarian crisis: a realist-informed systematic review.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Exploring supplemental immunization strategies to reach zero-dose children in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Article
- Reaching zero-dose children in conflict-affected and fragile settings in the WHO African Region: a scoping review of strategies and evidence gaps.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Review
- A quality improvement initiative to improve growth monitoring of children attending immunization clinic in an urban primary health centre in Delhi.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Child public health interventions for conflict-affected populations: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Review
- Spatial targeting and integration across vaccination, vitamin A and deworming programs throughout India 2019-21.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Innovative strategies and implementation science approaches for health delivery among migrants in humanitarian settings: A scoping review.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Assessment of immunization session practices in primary health care centers in Al-Najaf province.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Primary healthcare delivery models in African conflict-affected settings: a systematic review.Conflict and health · 2023Review
- Why are missed opportunities for immunisation and immunisation defaulting among children indistinguishable?Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Impact evaluation of immunisation service integration to nutrition programmes and paediatric outpatient departments of primary healthcare centres in Rumbek East and Rumbek Centre counties of South Sudan.Family medicine and community health · 2021Article
- Understanding the health needs of internally displaced persons: A scoping review.Journal of migration and health · 2021Article
- Lessons from humanitarian clusters to strengthen health system responses to mass displacement in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review.Journal of migration and health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe protracted war in South Sudan has led to severe humanitarian crisis with high level of malnutrition and disruption of the health systems with continuous displacement of the population and low immunization coverage predisposing the population to vaccine preventable diseases. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of integrating immunization services with already established nutrition services on immunization coverage in resource-constrained humanitarian response.
methodsA community and health facility based interventional study involving integration of immunization into nutrition services in two Outpatient Therapeutic Program(OTP)centers in Bentiu PoC between January-December 2017. The main hypothesis was that inclusion of immunization services during nutrition services both at the OTP and community outreaches be an effective strategy for reducing missed opportunity for immunizing all eligible children accessing nutrition services. Data analyzed using STATA version 15 and bivariate analysis using logistic regression was conducted to identify predictor of missed vaccinations.
resultsIntegration of immunization into the nutrition services through the OTP centres increased the number of children immunized with various antigens and the dropout rate was much lower and statistically significant among children who received immunization at the OTP centers than those in the Primary Health Care Centers (PHC Centers) in the study sites. Children who were vaccinated at the OTP centre in sector 2 were 45% less likely to miss vaccination than those vaccinated at the PHCC (OR: 0.45; 95%CI:0.36- 0.55), p<0.05 while those vaccinated at the OTP sector in sector 5 were 27% less likely to miss vaccination than those vaccinated at the PHCC (OR: 0.27; 95%CI: 0.20 -0.35) p<0.05).
conclusionThis study indicated that immunization coverage improved effectively with integration with nutrition services as a model of an integrated immunization programme for child health in line with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy (GIV).
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Registered trials
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