ArticleFrontiers in psychology2019
Snakes Represent Emotionally Salient Stimuli That May Evoke Both Fear and Disgust.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subjective and psychophysiological response to pictures of ancestral and modern threats: Not all evolutionary threats are alike.PloS one · 2026Article
- ThreatSim: A novel stimuli database of threatening and nonthreatening image pairs rated for similarity.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Why Are Some Snakes More Terrifying and What Is Behind the Fear?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Hooding cobras can get ahead of other snakes in the ability to evoke human fear.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2024Article
- Japanese monkeys rapidly noticed snake-scale cladded salamanders, similar to detecting snakes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Eye-tracking analysis of attentional disengagement in phobic and non-phobic individuals.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Interactions between reptiles and people: a perspective from wildlife rehabilitation records.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- No evidence of attentional prioritization for threatening targets in visual search.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Differential effects of threat types on attentional processes: a comparison of snakes and blood-injury-injection stimuli.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Effects of relational and instrumental messaging on human perception of rattlesnakes.PloS one · 2024Article
- Attentional, emotional, and behavioral response toward spiders, scorpions, crabs, and snakes provides no evidence for generalized fear between spiders and scorpions.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Animals evoking fear in the Cradle of Humankind: snakes, scorpions, and large carnivores.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2023Article
- Are vipers prototypic fear-evoking snakes? A cross-cultural comparison of Somalis and Czechs.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Human emotional evaluation of ancestral and modern threats: fear, disgust, and anger.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- The bigger the threat, the longer the gaze? A cross-cultural study of Somalis and Czechs.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Snakebite Envenomation, Attitudes, and Behavior toward Snakes in Banten, Indonesia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- "Then they prayed, they did nothing else, they just prayed for the boy and he was well": A qualitative investigation into the perceptions and behaviours surrounding snakebite and its management in rural communities of Kitui county, Kenya.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Visual representations of SARS-CoV-2, emotions, and risk perception of COVID-19.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Emotions triggered by live arthropods shed light on spider phobia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Generalization gradients for fear and disgust in human associative learning.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Humans perceive snakes as threatening stimuli, resulting in fast emotional and behavioral responses. However, snake species differ in their true level of danger and are highly variable in appearance despite the uniform legless form. Different snakes may evoke fear or disgust in humans, or even both emotions simultaneously. We designed three-step-selection experiments to identify prototypical snake species evoking exclusively fear or disgust. First, two independent groups of respondents evaluated 45 images covering most of the natural variability of snakes and rated responses to either perceived fear (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.