Trial reportThe British journal of ophthalmology2020
Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow myopia progression: a 2-year randomised clinical trial.
Trial report in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 338 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Clinical Trial of Myopia Control in Schoolchildren Using the Multi-segment (MS) Lens
Efficacy and Safety of New Defocus Spectacle Lens in Preventing Progression of Myopia Compared With the Conventional Single-vision Spectacle Lens: a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Chinese Children
Evaluation of Performance of MiYOSMART Photochromic and Clear Spectacle Lenses in Myopic Children.
Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of the D.D.C Dual-control Technology Spectacle Lenses in Delaying the Progression of Myopia: a Randomized Controlled Trial
A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Clinical Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Dynamic Spatiotemporal Optical Film (S.T.O.P®KIT) in Retarding Axial Length Growth in Children With Low Hyperopia
Management of Myopia in University Students Using Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segment (DIMS) Spectacle Lenses.
Who cites it
338 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 531 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pinpointing precision: axial length and refraction in paediatric myopia trials-a mixed methods study.Trials · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of myopia in Chinese children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of spectacle lenses for myopia control: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Which is better for myopia control in children: orthokeratology or DIMS spectacle lenses? A meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy of interventions for myopia control in children: A systematic review with network meta-analyses.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of the study design and statistical practices in randomized controlled trials on myopia treatment (2019-2023).BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of spectacle lenses specifically designed for myopia control: systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle lenses versus orthokeratology lenses for myopia control: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Evaluating the effect of a new myopia control spectacle lens among children in Israel: 24-month results.Eye (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Diffractive optical element (D.O.E) spectacle lenses for myopia prevention and control: a small-scale pilot study among younger Chinese children.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Visual Performance of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments With Triple Enhanced Design Spectacle Lenses Versus DIMS and Single Vision Lenses.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Trial
- The Impact of Myopia Control Spectacle Lens Designs on Visual Function.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Trial
- Short-term effects of distant-image screen and myopic defocus on choroidal thickness in children: a randomized pilot clinical trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- New design peripheral defocus spectacle lens vs. single-vision for slowing myopia progression in children: randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses versus 0.01% atropine for myopia control: a randomised trial in children from Central Europe.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- Effect of Increased Power and Asphericity of Highly Aspherical Lenslets on Myopia Control Efficacy: A Contralateral Crossover Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Trial
- Myopia control efficacy of individualised ocular refraction customisation spectacle lenses: A 2-year follow-up study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses in UK children: Outcomes from a 2-year multi-site interventional trial.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Trial
- Trial
278 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo determine if 'Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments' (DIMS) spectacle lenses slow childhood myopia progression.
methodsA 2-year double-masked randomised controlled trial was carried out in 183 Chinese children aged 8-13 years, with myopia between -1.00 and -5.00 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. Children were randomly assigned to wear DIMS (n=93) or single vision (SV) spectacle lenses (n=90). DIMS lens incorporated multiple segments with myopic defocus of +3.50 D. Refractive error (cycloplegic autorefraction) and axial length were measured at 6month intervals.
results160 children completed the study, n=79 in the DIMS group and n=81 in the SV group. Average (SE) myopic progressions over 2 years were -0.41±0.06 D in the DIMS group and -0.85±0.08 D in the SV group. Mean (SE) axial elongation was 0.21±0.02 mm and 0.55±0.02 mm in the DIMS and SV groups, respectively. Myopia progressed 52% more slowly for children in the DIMS group compared with those in the SV group (mean difference -0.44±0.09 D, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.37, p<0.0001). Likewise, children in the DIMS group had less axial elongation by 62% than those in the SV group (mean difference 0.34±0.04 mm, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.37, p<0.0001). 21.5% children who wore DIMS lenses had no myopia progression over 2 years, but only 7.4% for those who wore SV lenses.
conclusionsDaily wear of the DIMS lens significantly retarded myopia progression and axial elongation in myopic children. Our results demonstrated simultaneous clear vision with constant myopic defocus can slow myopia progression. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02206217.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.