ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2019
Patterns of violence and coercion with mental health among female and male trafficking survivors: a latent class analysis with mixture models.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Poly-Victimization Patterns and Their Correlates Among International Asian and Latina Sex Trafficking Survivors in New York City.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- University Students Who Report Providing Sexual Services, Acts, or Materials for Financial Compensation: Survey Results at a Public, Midwestern University.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2026Article
- Sex trafficking and commercial sex: outcomes in suicide ideation and economic strain among young women.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The effect of individual characteristics on susceptibility to aggressive and/or intimidating approaches: quantifying probability pathways by creating a victimization model.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- The Michigan Farmworker Project: Development and Implementation of a Collaborative Community-Based Research Project Assessing Precarious Employment and Labor Exploitation.Journal of community engagement and scholarship · 2022Article
- How trauma related to sex trafficking challenges parenting: Insights from Mexican and Central American survivors in the US.PloS one · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsHuman trafficking is a crime and a human rights violation that involves various and simultaneous traumatic events (sexual and physical violence, coercion). Yet, it is unknown how the patterning of violence and coercion affects the mental health of female and male trafficking survivors.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1015 female and male survivors of trafficking who received post-trafficking assistance services in Cambodia, Thailand or Vietnam. We assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Violence was measured with questions from the World Health Organization International Study on Women's Health. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify distinct patterns of violence and coercion in females and males. Novel multi-step mixture modelling techniques were employed to assess the association of the emergent classes with anxiety, depression and PTSD in females and males.
resultsLCA identified two distinct classes of violence and coercion experiences in females (class I: severe sexual and physical violence and coercion (20%); class II: sexual violence and coercion (80%)) and males (class I: severe physical violence and coercion (41%); class II: personal coercion (59%)). Females in class I had a two-fold increase in the odds of anxiety (OR = 2.10; 95% CI: 1.57-2.81) and PTSD (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.03-4.17) compared with females in class II, but differences in the prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD were not significant when comparing males in class I to class II.
conclusionsSpecific patterns of violence and coercion provide a more in-depth understanding of the role of gender in the experience of violence and coercion and its association with mental health in survivors of trafficking. This information could be useful to target comprehensive mental health services for female and male trafficking survivors.
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