ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
Improved efficacy against malignant brain tumors with EGFRwt/EGFRvIII targeting immunotoxin and checkpoint inhibitor combinations.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGFR-targeted antibody-toxin conjugate in recurrent glioma: a phase 1 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights.Theranostics · 2026Review
- In vivo CRISPR screening in head and neck cancer reveals Uchl5 as an immunotherapy target.Nature communications · 2025Article
- EGFR: New Insights on Its Activation and Mutation in Tumor and Tumor Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Expression of EGFRvIII and its co‑expression with wild‑type EGFR, or putative cancer stem cell biomarkers CD44 or EpCAM are associated with poorer prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Oncology reports · 2024Article
- In vivo mouse models for adult brain tumors: Exploring tumorigenesis and advancing immunotherapy development.Neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Adjuvant convection-enhanced delivery for the treatment of brain tumors.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Immunotoxin-αCD40 therapy activates innate and adaptive immunity and generates a durable antitumor response in glioblastoma models.Science translational medicine · 2023Article
- Non-cellular immunotherapies in pediatric central nervous system tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Strategies to mitigate the on- and off-target toxicities of recombinant immunotoxins: an antibody engineering perspective.Antibody therapeutics · 2022Review
- An overview of current therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma and the role of CD73 as an alternative curative approach.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2022Review
- Triggering anti-GBM immune response with EGFR-mediated photoimmunotherapy.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of COL1A1 associated with immune infiltration in brain lower grade glioma.PloS one · 2022Article
- Review
- Technical choices significantly alter the adaptive immune response against immunocompetent murine gliomas in a model-dependent manner.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- Preparation of a novel EGFR specific immunotoxin and its efficacy of anti-colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Article
- Antibody Drug Conjugates in Glioblastoma - Is There a Future for Them?Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- New Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundD2C7-IT is a novel immunotoxin (IT) targeting wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRwt) and mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) proteins in glioblastoma. In addition to inherent tumoricidal activity, immunotoxins induce secondary immune responses through the activation of T cells. However, glioblastoma-induced immune suppression is a major obstacle to an effective and durable immunotoxin-mediated antitumor response. We hypothesized that D2C7-IT-induced immune response could be effectively augmented in combination with αCTLA-4/αPD-1/αPD-L1 therapies in murine models of glioma.
methodsTo study this, we overexpressed the D2C7-IT antigen, murine EGFRvIII (dmEGFRvIII), in established glioma lines, CT-2A and SMA560. The reactivity and therapeutic efficacy of D2C7-IT against CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII cells was determined by flow cytometry and in vitro cytotoxicity assays, respectively. Antitumor efficacy of D2C7-IT was examined in immunocompetent, intracranial murine glioma models and the role of T cells was assessed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cell depletion. In vivo efficacy of D2C7-IT/αCTLA-4/αPD-1 monotherapy or D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4/αPD-1 combination therapy was evaluated in subcutaneous unilateral and bilateral CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII glioma-bearing immunocompetent mice. Further, antitumor efficacy of D2C7-IT+αCTLA-4/αPD-1/αPD-L1/αTim-3/αLag-3/αCD73 combination therapy was evaluated in intracranial CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII and SMA560-dmEGFRvIII glioma-bearing mice. Pairwise differences in survival curves were assessed using the generalized Wilcoxon test.
resultsD2C7-IT effectively killed CT-2A-dmEGFRvIII (IC
conclusionsThese data support the development of D2C7-IT and immune checkpoint blockade combinations for patients with malignant glioma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.