ArticleBMC neuroscience2019
Iron concentrations in neurons and glial cells with estimates on ferritin concentrations.
Article in BMC neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- EGCG-loaded nanoparticles attenuate post-SAH white matter injury by targeting HO-1/S100A10 to suppress oxidative stress-induced reactive astrocytes.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2026Article
- Iron Supplementation and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infancy and Early Childhood: A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Iron dyshomeostasis and its neurobiological mechanisms in psychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
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- Detecting early brain susceptibility changes before demyelination in cuprizone mouse model using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).NeuroImage · 2026Article
- Narrative review of rationale for IV deferoxamine plus intranasal insulin to ameliorate brain damage following resuscitation from cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Review
- Ferroptotic neurodegeneration and diet: a narrative review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- NLRP3 facilitates α-synuclein-induced dopaminergic neuronal senescence in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease through SATB1/DNA damage/p21 signaling pathway.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- When Pathways Converge: Iron, Lipid Peroxidation, and α-Synuclein in Ferroptosis-Driven Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Characterizing spatiotemporal white matter hyperintensity pathophysiology in vivo to disentangle vascular and neurodegenerative contributions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrating Microscopy Methods to Study Gene and Protein Expression alongside Metal Ion Distribution and Speciation: A Case Study of Iron within Pyramidal Neurons from Distinct Hippocampal CA1 Subregions.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and NeuroHIV: understanding the role of HIV-1 related factors in microglial activation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping of dentate nucleus iron in SCA6 and SCA31: comparison with pathological findings.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Review
- Mitochondrial Iron Handling and Lipid Peroxidation as Drivers of Ferroptosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hybrid Tau-PET/MRI study: Quantitative susceptibility mapping in progressive supranuclear palsy and its correlation with Tau-PET.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- The role of low subcortical iron, white matter myelin, and oligodendrocytes in schizophrenia: a quantitative susceptibility mapping and diffusion tensor imaging study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Iron Overload Mediates the Differential Cell Fate of Astrocytes from Neurons and Its Regulatory Mechanisms in Ischemic Stroke.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biomimetic dynamic nanomedicine SrHCF: Lattice self-reconstruction based on FeBioactive materials · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBrain iron is an essential as well as a toxic redox active element. Physiological levels are not uniform among the different cell types. Besides the availability of quantitative methods, the knowledge about the brain iron lags behind. Thereby, disclosing the mechanisms of brain iron homeostasis helps to understand pathological iron-accumulations in diseased and aged brains. With our study we want to contribute closing the gap by providing quantitative data on the concentration and distribution of iron in neurons and glial cells in situ. Using a nuclear microprobe and scanning proton induced X-ray emission spectrometry we performed quantitative elemental imaging on rat brain sections to analyze the iron concentrations of neurons and glial cells.
resultsNeurons were analyzed in the neocortex, subiculum, substantia nigra and deep cerebellar nuclei revealing an iron level between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The iron concentration of neocortical oligodendrocytes is fivefold higher, of microglia threefold higher and of astrocytes twofold higher compared to neurons. We also analyzed the distribution of subcellular iron concentrations in the cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus of neurons. The cytoplasm contains on average 73% of the total iron, the nucleolus-although a hot spot for iron-due to its small volume only 6% of total iron. Additionally, the iron level in subcellular fractions were measured revealing that the microsome fraction, which usually contains holo-ferritin, has the highest iron content. We also present an estimate of the cellular ferritin concentration calculating [Formula: see text] ferritin molecules per [Formula: see text] in rat neurons.
conclusionGlial cells are the most iron-rich cells in the brain. Imbalances in iron homeostasis that lead to neurodegeneration may not only be originate from neurons but also from glial cells. It is feasible to estimate the ferritin concentration based on measured iron concentrations and a reasonable assumptions on iron load in the brain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.