ReviewEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets2019
The Role of the Status of Selected Micronutrients in Shaping the Immune Function.
Review in Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Cu/Zn/Iron/Ca/Mg levels and cerebral palsy: a pooled-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pearl Millet-A Forgotten Ancient Grain with Emerging Immunomodulatory Potential in Sports Nutrition.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Effects of an Immune-Boosting Food Supplement on the Severity and Frequency of Pediatric Respiratory Tract Infections: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Micronutrients in Autoimmune Diseases: Shining a Light on Vitamin D, Cobalamin, Folate, and Iron Metabolism.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Taming autoimmune thyroiditis: cellular immunomodulation through MSCs, Tregs, and tolDCs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Micronutrient-deficient diets and possible environmental enteric dysfunction in Buruli ulcer endemic communities in Ghana: Lower dietary diversity and reduced serum zinc and vitamin C implicate micronutrient status a possible susceptibility factor.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Exploring the link between fat-soluble vitamins and aging-associated immune system status: a literature review.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- The Interplay of Nutrition, the Gut Microbiota and Immunity and Its Contribution to Human Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Selected Non-Nutritive Bioactive Compounds and Their Role in Optimal Nutrition.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Post-discharge mortality in suspected pediatric sepsis: Insights from rural and urban healthcare settings in Rwanda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- HIV-associated gut dysbiosis drives oncogenesis through metabolic-immune crosstalk: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Impact of zinc on immunometabolism and its putative role on respiratory diseases.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Review
- Increased Risk for Infections and Allergic Disease in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- The Protective Effect of the Crosstalk between Zinc Hair Concentration and Lymphocyte Count-Preliminary Report.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Vitamin Deficiencies on Oral Manifestations in Children.Dentistry journal · 2024Review
- Immunomodulation through Nutrition Should Be a Key Trend in Type 2 Diabetes Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Investigating the Efficacy of Zinc and Vitamin A in Treating Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Cureus · 2024Article
- Cultivation viability ofFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Vitamins A and D Enhance the Expression of Ror-γ-Targeting miRNAs in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis narrative review gives an overview on the essential role of adequate nutrition to an optimally functioning immune defence. Micronutrients act as regulators of the immune response, with the focus of this review on the immunomodulatory effects of the trace elements iron, zinc and selenium, and the vitamins A, D, E, C, B6 and B12 and folic acid.
resultsIron deficiency especially impairs the Th1 cell-borne cellular immunity. T lymphocytes are also most affected by a deficiency of zinc, needed for their maturation and the balance between the different T cell subpopulations and acting as a redox signal in the regulation of many enzymes. Selenium is also involved in redox reactions as the glutathione peroxidases and other redox enzymes are selenoproteins. Selenium status has shown special effects on cellular immunity and resistance to viral infections. Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid induces a humoral Th2 cell response via antigen-presenting cells and is involved in maintaining intestinal immune defence and tolerance through its nuclear receptor RAR and via kinase signalling cascades. Immune tolerance is particularly promoted by vitamin D acting through dendritic cells to stimulate the differentiation of regulatory T cells. Vitamin E has antiinflammatory effects and stimulates naïve T cells especially in the elderly. Besides its antioxidative properties, vitamin C has effects on cell signalling and epigenetic regulation. The B vitamins are required for cytotoxic cellular immunity and modulate T cell responses.
conclusionA diverse diet and regular exposure to sunlight are the best sources for a balanced nutrient supply to maintain an optimal immune defence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.