ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Effects of Long-Term Citrate Treatment in the PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A delayed translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum controls the post-translational modifications of PD-L1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Large-scale experimental assessment of variant effects on the structure and function of the citrate transporter SLC13A5.Science advances · 2025Article
- Targeting Prostate Cancer Metabolism Through Transcriptional and Epigenetic Modulation: A Multi-Target Approach to Therapeutic Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Small-molecule inhibitors of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase simultaneously suppress lactate and superoxide generation in cancer cells.PloS one · 2025Article
- Metabolic rewiring and autophagy inhibition correct lysosomal storage disease in mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB.iScience · 2024Article
- The Lack of STING Impairs the MHC-I Dependent Antigen Presentation and JAK/STAT Signaling in Murine Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Citric Acid as a Potential Prostate Cancer Biomarker Determined in Various Biological Samples.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Advanced Technologies to Target Cardiac Cell Fate Plasticity for Heart Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Early onset effects of single substrate accumulation recapitulate major features of LSD in patient-derived lysosomes.iScience · 2021Article
- Understanding the Central Role of Citrate in the Metabolism of Cancer Cells and Tumors: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The functional roles of TCA cycle metabolites in cancer.Oncogene · 2021Review
- YAP and TAZ Mediators at the Crossroad between Metabolic and Cellular Reprogramming.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Metabolites Profiling of Melanoma Interstitial Fluids Reveals Uridine Diphosphate as Potent Immune Modulator Capable of Limiting Tumor Growth.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Extracellular Citrate Is a Trojan Horse for Cancer Cells.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute administration of a high level of extracellular citrate displays an anti-proliferative effect on both in vitro and in vivo models. However, the long-term effect of citrate treatment has not been investigated yet. Here, we address this question in PC3 cells, a prostate-cancer-derived cell line. Acute administration of high levels of extracellular citrate impaired cell adhesion and inhibited the proliferation of PC3 cells, but surviving cells adapted to grow in the chronic presence of 20 mM citrate. Citrate-resistant PC3 cells are significantly less glycolytic than control cells. Moreover, they overexpress short-form, citrate-insensitive phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1) together with full-length PFK1. In addition, they show traits of mesenchymal-epithelial transition: an increase in E-cadherin and a decrease in vimentin. In comparison with PC3 cells, citrate-resistant cells display morphological changes that involve both microtubule and microfilament organization. This was accompanied by changes in homeostasis and the organization of intracellular organelles. Thus, the mitochondrial network appears fragmented, the Golgi complex is scattered, and the lysosomal compartment is enlarged. Interestingly, citrate-resistant cells produce less total ROS but accumulate more mitochondrial ROS than control cells. Consistently, in citrate-resistant cells, the autophagic pathway is upregulated, possibly sustaining their survival. In conclusion, chronic administration of citrate might select resistant cells, which could jeopardize the benefits of citrate anticancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.