ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2019
Frequency of Ambiguous Genitalia in 14,177 Newborns in Turkey.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of differences of sex development in Japan.Endocrine journal · 2026Guideline
- In which cases of proximal hypospadias detailed investigations are necessary.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of differences of sex development in Japan.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Genetic control of typical and atypical sex development.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- A Single-Center, Observational Study of 607 Children and Young People Presenting With Differences of Sex Development (DSD).Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Ambiguous genitalia: clinical management of adult female with male assigned gender: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2021Article
- Gender Identity and Assignment Recommendations in Disorders of Sex Development Patients: 20 Years’ Experience and ChallengesJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2020Article
- Epididymis cell atlas in a patient with a sex development disorder and a novelAsian journal of andrologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextLimited data are available on the exact incidence of disorders of sex development (DSD) with genital ambiguity at birth.
objectiveTo determine frequency of ambiguous genitalia in newborns.
designProspective multicenter study.
settingThree tertiary care hospitals. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsAll 14,177 babies born during the study period were included.
main outcome measuresAll newborns were examined at birth; data on weeks of gestation, birth weight, and length were collected. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Quigley and Prader scales were used for phenotypic grading. Clinical and genetic investigations were performed.
resultsEighteen babies with ambiguous genitalia were found among 14,177 newborns (1.3/1000). Fifteen newborns had 46,XY DSD, one had 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and one had 45,X/46,XY mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Karyotype analysis was not done in one baby who died in the neonatal period. The ratio of prematurity was higher in the DSD group (44% vs 11%;
conclusionThe frequency of ambiguous genitalia was higher than in previous studies, but, as with any experiment, the finding should be met with caution because this study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals. In addition, lower birth weight in the DSD group supports the hypothesis that early placental dysfunction might be important in the etiology of male genital anomalies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.