ArticleBMJ global health2019
Tracking global trends in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy using the Drug Resistance Index.
Article in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of non-adherence to antibiotic treatment guidelines in hospitalized adults with suspected community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Trial
- ReGAIN: a bioinformatics platform for assessing probabilistic co-occurrence between resistance genes in bacterial pathogens.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The impact of interventions to modify antibiotic use in children with suspected infections in ambulatory healthcare settings in LMICs: a systematic review.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviour among dental practitioners in a south Indian City through an educational intervention- a mixed methods feasibility study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Mind the governance gap: a one health scoping review of national AMR performance indicators.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Genomic signatures of dominant clones and evolutionary divergence ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- The trend and potential factors of the longitudinal antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains in recent decades worldwide.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- A One Health Perspective onMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Effective spectrum-based antibiotic resistance index for monitoring resistance in Gram-negative bacilli.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimizing Antibiotic Use and Awareness in Hospitals: Establishing Effective Antimicrobial Stewardship Pathways.Current drug safety · 2026Observational
- Hospital-Based Surveillance and Resistance Index Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Trends: A Three-Year Study from a Tertiary Hospital in Iran (2021-2023).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial use, prescribing quality, and therapy-related problems among hospitalized patients in Northeast Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbial profiling of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a comprehensive molecular diagnostics study.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in Africa: A retrospective analysis of data from 14 countries, 2016-2019.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Did the periodic intensification of routine immunisation strategy (Intensified mission Indradhanush) reduce the demand for pediatric antibiotic formulations in India?BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Exosome microsphere/nano silver loaded injectable antibacterial hydrogel augments anti-infection and healing for scald wound.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Neurostimulation device infection control in China and the United States: a comparative analysis using the MCS framework.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEvaluating trends in antibiotic resistance and communicating the results to a broad audience are important for dealing with this global threat. The Drug Resistance Index (DRI), which combines use and resistance into a single measure, was developed as an easy-to-understand measure of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. We demonstrate its utility in communicating differences in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy across countries.
methodsWe calculated the DRI for countries with data on antibiotic use and resistance for the disease-causing organisms considered by the WHO as priority pathogens:
results41 countries had the requisite data and were included in the study. Resistance and use rates were highly variable across countries, but
conclusionsThe DRI is a useful indicator of the problem of resistance. By combining data on antibiotic use with resistance, it captures a snapshot of how the antibiotics a country typically uses match their resistance profiles. This single measure of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy provides a means of benchmarking against other countries and can, over time, indicate changes in drug effectiveness that can be easily communicated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.