ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2019
Generation of monocyte-derived tumor-associated macrophages using tumor-conditioned media provides a novel method to study tumor-associated macrophages in vitro.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07638982 (An Open-label, Phase I Trial, With an Expansion Cohort), which is not on this map. Cited by 113 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label, Phase I Trial, With an Expansion Cohort: Macrophage Conditioning to Synergize With CAR-T in High-risk Lymphoma (MAC-SHIFT)
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- A pancreatic cancer organoid-macrophage co-culture using starPEG-heparin hydrogel deciphers tumor-immune cell interactions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Encoded Cell-Material Interactions to Reroute Cytokine Signaling for Regenerative Medicine.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- PAD4 deletion in synovial macrophages exacerbates pathology in inflammatory arthritis.Research square · 2026Article
- SSTNSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of tumor-associated macrophages in sporadic and Xeroderma Pigmentosum-related cutaneous melanoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Preoperative lymphocyte-albumin-monocyte index as an inflammation- and nutrition-based predictor of overall survival in triple-negative breast cancer: A retrospective cohort study.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Review
- IOA-244, a novel p110δ PI3K inhibitor, blocks breast tumour progression on either mono- or combined-therapy.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6 secreted by tumor-associated macrophages promotes proliferation and migration through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells.Prostate international · 2026Article
- The puppet master in the breast cancer "microecological community": spatial and metabolic regulation of macrophage heterogeneity.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a potency assay matrix for optimized and consistent manufacture of clinical mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Kasugamycin Inhibits Melanoma Lung Metastasis and CHI3L1-Driven M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage Differentiation.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Article
- Characterisation of human in vitro tumour-associated macrophage models to define translational relevance.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Encoded cell-material interactions to reroute cytokine signaling for regenerative medicine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Macrophage repolarization by immune checkpoint blockade drives T cell engagement in the tumor microenvironment.iScience · 2025Article
- Macrophage-T Cell Physical Interaction Modulates IFN-γ Secretion.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Prominent fibroblast growth factor 21 with less abundant tumor-associated macrophages in hepatic mass of the conditional mgmt-deleted mice using LysM-Cre system.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages-induced lncRNA RP11-627G18.1 promotes breast cancer metastasis.Genes and immunity · 2025Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are expanded and exhibit tumor-promoting properties within the tumor microenvironment. Current methods to study TAM have not been replicated across cancer types and often do not include exogenous growth factors from the tumor, a key factor in TAM differentiation in vivo.
methodsIn this study, an in vitro method to generate monocyte- derived TAM using tumor- conditioned media (TCM) and a cytokine cocktail containing IL-4, IL-10, and M-CSF was utilized to study the phenotype, morphology, and function of TAM across multiple cancer types. TCM was generated from two breast cancer cell lines and an Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoma cell line. The properties of in vitro generated TAM were compared to in vitro generated M1 and M2- like macrophages and TAM isolated from patients with cancer.
resultsTAM generated in this fashion displayed an increase in CD163/CD206 co-expression compared to M2- like macrophages (87 and 36%, respectively). TAM generated in vitro exhibited increased transcript levels of the functional markers IL-6, IL-10, CCL2, c-Myc, iNOS, and arginase compared to in vitro generated M2-like macrophages. Functionally, in vitro generated TAM inhibited the proliferation of T cells (47% decrease from M1-like macrophages) and the production of IFN-γ by natural killer cells was inhibited (44%) when co-cultured with TAM. Furthermore, in vitro generated TAM secreted soluble factors that promote the growth and survival of tumor cells.
conclusionsLimited access to patient TAM highlights the need for methods to generate TAM in vitro. Our data confirm that monocyte-derived TAM can be generated reliably using TCM plus the cytokine cocktail of IL-4, IL-10, and M-CSF. Given the ability of TAM to inhibit immune cell function, continued study of methods to deplete or deactivate TAM in the setting of cancer are warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.