ReviewParasites & vectors2019
The role of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in reducing soil-transmitted helminths: interpreting the evidence and identifying next steps.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- A historical and systematic overview ofParasitology · 2021Pooled it
- Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
- Effectiveness of the BALatrine intervention on soil-transmitted helminth infections in Central Java, Indonesia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of opportunities to implement community-wide mass drug administration for interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infections in India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The Impact of Maternal Depression and Parent-Child Interactions on Risk of Parasitic Infections in Early Childhood: A Prospective Cohort in Benin.Maternal and child health journal · 2022Trial
- Effect of sanitation improvements on soil-transmitted helminth eggs in courtyard soil from rural Bangladesh: Evidence from a cluster-randomized controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Residual Human Intestinal Nematode Infections Following Discontinuation of Mass Drug Administration in a Rural South Asian Setting: Implications for Deworming Surveillance.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Prevalence, infection intensity, and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Prevalence and determinants of intestinal parasitic infections among children under five years attending Bule Hora University Teaching Hospital, Southern Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mixed-methods exploration of knowledge about causes and prevention of anaemia in reproductive-aged women; a two-centre study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Prevalence, associated risk factors and satellite imagery analysis in predicting soil-transmitted helminth infection in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Remapping parasite landscapes: Nationwide prevalence, intensity and risk factors of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Rwanda.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Global diversity of soil-transmitted helminths reveals population-biased genetic variation that impacts diagnostic targets.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Relationship between soil transmitted helminths, nutritional status and cognitive function among school children in Lusaka district, Zambia.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Article
- Water and sanitation factors associated with schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis persistence in Rwanda.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of household concrete floors on maternal and child health: the CRADLE trial - a randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- The occurrence of cross-host species soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans and domestic/livestock animals: A systematic review.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Integrating social and behavior change communication into mass drug administration campaigns for neglected tropical diseases: insights and best practices from Jimma, Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 13 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The transmission soil transmitted helminths (STH) occurs via ingestion of or contact with infective stages present in soil contaminated with human faeces. It follows therefore that efforts to reduce faecal contamination of the environment should help to reduce risk of parasite exposure and improvements in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are seen as essential for the long-term, sustainable control of STH. However, the link between WASH and STH is not always supported by the available evidence from randomised controlled trials, which report mixed effects of WASH intervention on infection risk. This review critically summarises the available trial evidence and offers an interpretation of the observed heterogeneity in findings. The review also discusses the implications of findings for control programmes and highlights three main issues which merit further consideration: intervention design, exposure assessment, and intervention fidelity assessment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.