ArticleBMC nephrology2019
Protein C and protein S deficiencies may be related to survival among hemodialysis patients.
Article in BMC nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein C deficiency in a uremic patient: a rare case of multivessel thromboembolism and type 5 cardiorenal syndrome.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Calciphylaxis diagnosis, management and future directions: a comprehensive update on behalf of the European Renal Association CKD-MBD Working Group.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThrombophilia due to protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiencies is highly prevalent among patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease and is reported to arise due to extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HD treatment and thrombophilia.
methodsA total of 114 Japanese patients on maintenance HD (62 men, 52 women) were followed during 2008-2011. Their survival rates were compared against the duration of HD. Prior to each HD, coagulation/fibrinolysis parameters and PC and PS activities were measured using standard techniques. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, with PC and/or PS deficiencies (n = 32), and Group 2, without PC and PS deficiencies (n = 82). The influence of such deficiencies and duration of dialysis on survival was examined. Time-to-event analysis was applied using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and the log-rank test was proposed to test the equivalence of relative survival data. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
resultsOf the 114 patients, 37 died (Group 1, 22; Group 2, 15). The hazard ratio (95% CI) was higher (p = 0.004) in Group 1 than Group 2. Gene analyses of PC and PS were performed in 14 patients from Group 1. No mutations in either protein were observed. We analyzed the causes of death in both groups; however, the estimated thrombophilia-related incidence of death could not be determined due to small sample size of HD patients.
conclusionsOur results suggest that PC and PS deficiencies may be related to survival in HD patients. However, this finding warrants additional research.
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