ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Autoimmune Endocrine Dysfunctions Associated with Cancer Immunotherapies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related thyroid dysfunction: influencing factor analysis, prediction model development, and management strategy proposal.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Pooled it
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Cabozantinib in Continuous and Primary Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2026Article
- Life-Threatening Secondary Adrenal Crisis Triggered by Pembrolizumab-Induced Hypophysitis: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Severe Metabolic Decompensation in Metastatic Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multigland dysfunction from immune-checkpoint inhibitors: a case of hypothyroidism, diabetes, and adrenal insufficiency.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Risk factors for endocrinological immune-related adverse events in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Observational
- The Real-World Endocrine Toxicity Profile of ICIs, VEGFR-TKIs, and Their Combination: Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Database.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Endocrine immune-related adverse events in advanced lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: incidence, predictors and outcomes.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Disproportionality analysis and risk factor assessment of drug-associated thyroid dysfunction adverse events: a study based on the FAERS database.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy-Related Hypophysitis: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Association between immune-related adverse events and recurrence dynamics under adjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy in resected melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at a greater risk for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis as an adverse event of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer treatment?Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025Observational
- Case report: pembrolizumab-induced acute type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis in a perioperative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patient.AME case reports · 2025Article
- Biomarkers associated with immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.World journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Review
- Pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction induced by tislelizumab immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a case series and literature review.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Review
- Common endocrine system adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2024Review
- Targeting Protein Kinases to Protect Beta-Cell Function and Survival in Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- [Unexplained reduction in the general condition of a female lung cancer patient].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the checkpoint molecules. Different types of cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved recently: CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies (as ipilimumab); anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (as pembrolizumab and nivolumab); and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (as atezolizumab, avelumab, and durmalumab). We collect recent published results about autoimmune endocrine dysfunctions associated with cancer antibody immunotherapies. These agents cause a raised immune response leading to immune-related adverse events (irAEs), varying from mild to fatal, based on the organ system and severity. Immune-related endocrine toxicities are usually irreversible in 50% of cases, and include hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunctions, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and adrenal insufficiency. Anti-PD-1-antibodies are more frequently associated with thyroid dysfunctions (including painless thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, or thyroid storm), while the most frequent irAE related to anti-CTLA-4-antibodies is hypophysitis. The combination of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies is associated with a 30% chance of irAEs. Symptoms and clinical signs vary depending on the target organ. IrAEs are usually managed by an oncological therapist, but in more challenging circumstances (i.e., for new onset insulin-dependent diabetes, hypoadrenalism, gonadal hormones dysfunctions, or durable hypophysitis) an endocrinologist is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.