ArticleJournal of adolescence2019
Effects of individual risk and state housing factors on adverse outcomes in a national sample of youth transitioning out of foster care.
Article in Journal of adolescence, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Resilience factors in youth transitioning out of foster care: A systematic review.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Risk and Resilience Factors for Youth Homelessness in Western Countries: A Systematic Review.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring Mental Health Barriers Among At-Risk Adolescents: An Integrative Analysis of Self-Reports and School Nurses' Perspectives.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Youth in transition: an exploratory comparative analysis of outcomes for youth placed in kinship and non-kinship foster homes.Journal of public child welfare · 2026Article
- Resilience in Transitional Age Youth Experiencing Homelessness: The Role of Social Connectedness.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Out-of-home care placement, psychiatric disorders, and risk of homelessness: a population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- A Scoping Review of Factors Associated With the Mental Health of Young People Who Have "Aged Out" of the Child Welfare System.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2024Article
- A Meta-Regression of Racial Disparities in Wellbeing Outcomes During and After Foster Care.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2023Review
- Usability of a cross-system housing stability program for juvenile courts: A multimethod study of probation counselor perspectives.Implementation research and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCompared to their peers, youth who leave the foster care system without permanency experience greater risks for adverse young adult outcomes, including homelessness, incarceration, substance abuse, and early child birth. Extant literature focuses on individual-level factors related to adversity. In this study, we estimated the impact of state and individual-level risk and protective factors on adverse 19-year-old outcomes among a cohort of U.S. transition age youth.
methodsWe used multilevel modeling to analyze prospective, longitudinal data from two waves of the National Youth in Transitions Database (N = 7449). These data were linked to the Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System, the Administration for Children and Families budget expenditures, and the American Community Survey for the period from 2011 to 2013.
resultsApproximately 30% of the variation in each of the 19-year-old outcomes could be attributed to state-level effects. Residence in a state that spent above average of CFCIP budget on housing supports reduced the risk of homelessness and incarceration. Living in a state with a higher proportion of housing-burdened low-income renters significantly increased the risk of substance abuse and child birth. Individual-level risks were significant: racial/ethnic minority, male gender, past risk history, placement instability, child behavioral problems, residence in group home or runaway. Remaining in foster care at age 19 reduced the odds of homelessness, incarceration, and substance abuse.
conclusionMacro factors, including financial support for transition-age youth, and broader housing market characteristics, have a bearing on young adult outcomes, and raise policy questions across social and human service sectors.
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