ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Impact of Obesity on Influenza A Virus Pathogenesis, Immune Response, and Evolution.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 270 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery During Phase 2-3 Covid-19 Pandemic in Italy: a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study.
The Effects of Multi-modality Physiotherapy in Delaying or Preventing COVID-19 Patient From Admitting to ICU: A Pilot Study
Who cites it
270 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 452 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity and mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing the relationship between body mass index and influenza-like illness risk and symptom severity among military health system beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza: a pooled prospective cohort study from a randomized trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Obesity in Recovery From Influenza-Like Illness and Effectiveness of Oseltamivir.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Trial
- Characteristics of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 infection-a brief case series report.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2020Trial
- Obesity-associated meta-inflammation alters influenza A antiviral responses in Göttingen minipigs.iScience · 2026Article
- An In Vitro Screen Identifies H1 Influenza Hemagglutinin Substitutions That Alter mRNA-LNP Vaccine Responses Against the Stalk Domain.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Increased Risk ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- T cell dysregulation and remodeling in pediatric obesity and weight loss.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Meeting Report: Fourth Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Integrated longitudinal transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the murine lung response to influenza a virus.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Human Influenza Virus Infection: A Focus on Key Host Determinants Linked to Clinical Disease Severity.Viruses · 2026Review
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Obesity on Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- The Decline in Influenza Antibody Titers and Modifiers of Vaccine Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Serum lipidome remodeling in viral pneumonia: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Semaglutide use linked to lower COVID-19 and influenza severity with better renal outcomes after pandemic or seasonal infection.Biology methods & protocols · 2026Article
- Detrimental and Beneficial Diets Regulate Acute Pancreatitis Through Convergent Gut Microbiota Pathways.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The immune system as a guardian of health: micronutrient support and lifelong protection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
210 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
With the rising prevalence of obesity has come an increasing awareness of its impact on communicable disease. As a consequence of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus pandemic, obesity was identified for the first time as a risk factor for increased disease severity and mortality in infected individuals. Over-nutrition that results in obesity causes a chronic state of meta-inflammation with systemic implications for immunity. Obese hosts exhibit delayed and blunted antiviral responses to influenza virus infection, and they experience poor recovery from the disease. Furthermore, the efficacy of antivirals and vaccines is reduced in this population and obesity may also play a role in altering the viral life cycle, thus complementing the already weakened immune response and leading to severe pathogenesis. Case studies and basic research in human cohorts and animal models have highlighted the prolonged viral shed in the obese host, as well as a microenvironment that permits the emergence of virulent minor variants. This review focuses on influenza A virus pathogenesis in the obese host, and on the impact of obesity on the antiviral response, viral shed, and viral evolution. We comprehensively analyze the recent literature on how and why viral pathogenesis is altered in the obese host along with the impact of the altered host and pathogenic state on viral evolutionary dynamics in multiple models. Finally, we summarized the effectiveness of current vaccines and antivirals in this populations and the questions that remain to be answered. If current trends continue, nearly 50% of the worldwide population is projected to be obese by 2050. This population will have a growing impact on both non-communicable and communicable diseases and may affect global evolutionary trends of influenza virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.