ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Absence of Neu5Gc and Presence of Anti-Neu5Gc Antibodies in Humans-An Evolutionary Perspective.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- Biosynthetic and genetic pathways related to sialic acid metabolism.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Immunogenic and cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants in ticks and other arthropods.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2026Review
- Proteomic Identification of Pig Xenoantigens for Clinical Xenotransplantation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Neu5Ac promotes high-fat diet-induced progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.Experimental animals · 2026Article
- The Level of Antibodies to Tumor-Associated Glycans in Gastric Cancer Patients Is Lower than in Healthy Donors and Reduces with Age.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Vaccine-induced antigenic drift of a human-origin H3N2 Influenza A virus in swine alters glycan binding and sialic acid avidity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Seal milk oligosaccharides rival human milk complexity and exhibit functional dynamics during lactation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Discovery and characterization of vertebrate sialoglycan-binding proteins.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Inactivation of the CMAH gene and deficiency of Neu5Gc play a role in human brain evolution.Inflammation and regeneration · 2025Review
- Variability of Sialic Acids in Beef Breeds and Nutritional Implications in Red Meat.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Species-specific N-glycan patterns in animal and human breast milk samples.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Glycocalyx: The Importance of Sugar Coating the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Physiological basis for xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs to humans.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Dissecting the abilities of murine Siglecs to interact with gangliosides.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2024Article
- Neu5Gc regulates decidual macrophages leading to abnormal embryo implantation.Genes and immunity · 2024Article
- When a negative (charge) is not a positive: sialylation and its role in cancer mechanics and progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- A systematic review reveals conflicting evidence for the prevalence of antibodies against the sialic acid 'xenoautoantigen' Neu5Gc in humans and the need for a standardised approach to quantification.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
- Insights into the Structure, Metabolism, Biological Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Sialic Acid: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The glycocalyx of human cells differs from that of many other mammals by the lack of the sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and increased abundance of its precursor N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Most humans also have circulating antibodies specifically targeting the non-human sialic acid Neu5Gc. Recently, several additional mammalian species have been found to also lack Neu5Gc. In all cases, loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the sialic acid-modifying enzyme CMAH are responsible for the drastic change in these species. Unlike other glycan antigens, Neu5Gc apparently cannot be produced by microbes, raising the question about the origin of these antibodies in humans. Dietary exposure and presentation on bacteria coating themselves with Neu5Gc from the diet are distinct possibilities. However, the majority of the non-human species that lack Neu5Gc do not consume diets rich in Neu5Gc, making it unlikely that they will have been immunized against this sialic acid. A notable exception are mustelids (ferrets, martens and their relatives) known for preying on various small mammal species rich in Neu5Gc. No studies exist on levels of anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in non-human species. Evolutionary scenarios for the repeated, independent fixation of
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