ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2019
State-Dependent Effects of Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Continuous Thetaburst Stimulation on Cocaine Cue Reactivity in Chronic Cocaine Users.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Theta Burst Stimulation for Cocaine Use Disorder: A Three-Month Feasibility and Brain Target Engagement Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Trial
- Effects of Hyperdirect Pathway Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Inhibitory Control, Craving, and Smoking in Adults With Nicotine Dependence: A Double-Blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2023Trial
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cocaine use disorder and the risk of seizure: a review of the evidence.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Non-invasive neurostimulation techniques for the treatment of stimulant use disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cocaine Cues Used in Experimental Research: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Four dimensions of individualization in brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders: context, target, dose, and timing.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation and mindfulness as therapeutic treatment in detoxified patients with alcohol use disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation for methamphetamine use disorder: A scoping review within the neurocircuitry model of addiction.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- rTMS for Co-occurring Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders: Narrative Review and Future Directions.Current addiction reports · 2024Article
- Converging Evidence for Frontopolar Cortex as a Target for Neuromodulation in Addiction Treatment.The American journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Neural mechanisms linked to treatment outcomes and recovery in substance-related and addictive disorders.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2023Review
- Prelimbic cortex and nucleus accumbens core resting state signaling dynamics as a biomarker for cocaine seeking behaviors.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Optimizing Individual Targeting of Fronto-Amygdala Network with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Biophysical, Physiological and Behavioral Variations in People with Methamphetamine Use Disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Resting-State Functional Connectivity Differences Following Experimental Manipulation of the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Two Directions via Theta-Burst Stimulation.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2023Article
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Treatment of Cocaine Addiction: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Treating cocaine and opioid use disorder with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A path forward.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a potential treatment approach for cannabis use disorder.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021Review
- Modulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate/Glutamine Levels Following Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Young Adults With Autism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and other forms of neuromodulation for substance use disorders: Review of modalities and implications for treatment.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cue-induced craving is a significant barrier to obtaining abstinence from cocaine. Neuroimaging research has shown that cocaine cue exposure evokes elevated activity in a network of frontal-striatal brain regions involved in drug craving and drug seeking. Prior research from our laboratory has demonstrated that when targeted at the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory form of non-invasive brain stimulation, can decrease drug cue-related activity in the striatum in cocaine users and alcohol users. However, it is known that there are individual differences in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), with some individuals being responders and others non-responders. There is some evidence that state-dependent effects influence response to rTMS, with baseline neural state predicting rTMS treatment outcomes. In this single-blind, active sham-controlled crossover study, we assess the striatum as a biomarker of treatment response by determining if baseline drug cue reactivity in the striatum influences striatal response to mPFC cTBS. The brain response to cocaine cues was measured in 19 cocaine-dependent individuals immediately before and after real and sham cTBS (110% resting motor threshold, 3600 total pulses). Group independent component analysis (ICA) revealed a prominent striatum network comprised of bilateral caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens, which was modulated by the cocaine cue reactivity task. Baseline drug cue reactivity in this striatal network was inversely related to change in striatum reactivity after real (vs. sham) cTBS treatment (ρ = -.79;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.