ReviewFrontiers in neuroanatomy2019
The Organization of the Primate Insular Cortex.
Review in Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biological correlates of temperament: systematic reviews, empirical studies, and a conceptual framework linking neurotransmitter signaling, intrinsic brain activity, and the hyperthymic-depressive spectrum.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The shared neural substrates of emotional mimicry and emotional contagion: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modeling analysis.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Neural bases of the bodily self as revealed by electrical brain stimulation: A systematic review.Human brain mapping · 2023Pooled it
- General and anxiety-linked influences of acute serotonin reuptake inhibition on neural responses associated with attended visceral sensation.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Drinking reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder is associated with a reduction in anterior insula-bed nucleus of the stria terminalis resting-state functional connectivity.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Trial
- Short-Term Consumption of Sucralose with, but Not without, Carbohydrate Impairs Neural and Metabolic Sensitivity to Sugar in Humans.Cell metabolism · 2020Trial
- Pyramidal cell types and circuit organization of the mouse insular cortex reveal functional specializations.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Decoding Transdiagnostic Subtypes in Emotional Disorders.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Comparative insights into insula structure and function.Nature neuroscience · 2026Review
- An atlas of primate insular cortex reveals a signal-processing strategy in von Economo neurons.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- CGRP reception potentiates anxiety in an influenza A derived immune engram.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ultrasound neuromodulation reveals distinct roles of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula in learning.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Convergent and selective representations of pain, appetitive processes, aversive processes, and cognitive control in the insula.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Increased CSF volume, altered brain development and emotional reactivity after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Delineating In Vivo T1-Weighted Intensity Profiles Within the Human Insula Cortex Using 7-Tesla MRI.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Effective connectivity of the insula as measured by cortico-cortical evoked potentials.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Exploring the autism and functional neurological disorder association: Considerations from biopsychosocial, neuropsychological and computational models.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Review
- Embodied neuroaesthetics and the psychotherapeutic relational field.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Central autonomic network dysfunction in Stroke-Heart Syndrome: mechanistic roles of the insula and limbic system.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Case Report: Relief of long-standing severe motion sickness following stellate ganglion block.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Long perceived as a primitive and poorly differentiated brain structure, the primate insular cortex recently emerged as a highly evolved, organized and richly connected cortical hub interfacing bodily states with sensorimotor, environmental, and limbic activities. This insular interface likely substantiates emotional embodiment and has the potential to have a key role in the interoceptive shaping of cognitive processes, including perceptual awareness. In this review, we present a novel working model of the insular cortex, based on an accumulation of neuroanatomical and functional evidence obtained essentially in the macaque monkey. This model proposes that interoceptive afferents that represent the ongoing physiological status of all the organs of the body are first being received in the granular dorsal fundus of the insula or "primary interoceptive cortex," then processed through a series of dysgranular poly-modal "insular stripes," and finally integrated in anterior agranular areas that serve as an additional sensory platform for visceral functions and as an output stage for efferent autonomic regulation. One of the agranular areas hosts the specialized von Economo and Fork neurons, which could provide a decisive evolutionary advantage for the role of the anterior insula in the autonomic and emotional binding inherent to subjective awareness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.