ArticleScientific reports2019
Bacterial flagellin promotes viral entry via an NF-kB and Toll Like Receptor 5 dependent pathway.
Article in Scientific reports, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- CpG 1018 augments mRNA vaccine-induced anti-tumor immunity by potentiating CD8+ T cell responses.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Bovine endometrial epithelial cells are able to internalize Escherichia coli in vitro.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- The role of cyclic di-GMP in biomaterial-associated infections caused by commensal Escherichia coli.PloS one · 2025Article
- Flagellin Restricts HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages through Modulation of Viral Entry Receptors and CC Chemokines.Viruses · 2024Article
- Oncolytic Efficacy of a Recombinant Vaccinia Virus Strain Expressing Bacterial Flagellin in Solid Tumor Models.Viruses · 2023Article
- Effect of sweet potato purple acid phosphatase on Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin-mediated inflammatory response in A549 cells.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- Potential risk of tamoxifen: gut microbiota and inflammation in mice with breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Relevance of biomarkers indicating gut damage and microbial translocation in people living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Bacterial and Viral Co-Infection in the Intestine: Competition Scenario and Their Effect on Host Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The truncated form of flagellin (tFlic) provides the 2dCap subunit vaccine with better immunogenicity and protective effects in mice.Animal diseases · 2022Article
- Overview of the microbiota in the gut-liver axis in viral B and C hepatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Article
- Flagellin FromFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Role of Innate Immunity in Pulmonary Infections.BioMed research international · 2021Review
- Dual and mutual interaction between microbiota and viral infections: a possible treat for COVID-19.Microbial cell factories · 2020Review
- Harnessing innate immunity to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and ameliorate COVID-19 disease.Physiological genomics · 2020Article
- Microbiota and Its Role on Viral Evasion: Is It With Us or Against Us?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses and bacteria colonize hosts by invading epithelial barriers. Recent studies have shown that interactions between the microbiota, pathogens and the host can potentiate infection through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether diverse bacterial species could modulate virus internalization into host cells, often a rate-limiting step in establishing infections. Lentiviral pseudoviruses expressing influenza, measles, Ebola, Lassa or vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoproteins enabled us to study entry of viruses that exploit diverse internalization pathways. Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased viral uptake, even at low bacterial frequencies. This did not require bacterial contact with or invasion of host cells. Studies determined that the bacterial antigen responsible for this pro-viral activity was the Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin. Exposure to flagellin increased virus attachment to epithelial cells in a temperature-dependent manner via TLR5-dependent activation of NF-ΚB. Importantly, this phenotype was both long lasting and detectable at low multiplicities of infection. Flagellin is shed from bacteria and our studies uncover a new bystander role for this protein in regulating virus entry. This highlights a new aspect of viral-bacterial interplay with significant implications for our understanding of polymicrobial-associated pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.