Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31133041›Full record

ArticleParasites & vectors2019

High infestation of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of Panama.

Kelly L Bennett, Carmelo Gómez Martínez, Alejandro Almanza, Jose R Rovira, W Owen McMillan, Vanessa Enriquez, Elia Barraza, Marcela Diaz, Javier E Sanchez-Galan, Ari Whiteman and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Systematic survey and spatial mapping of discarded tyres as breeding habitats ofCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Update of the spatiotemporal distribution of Aedes albopictus in EcuadorBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2025
    Article
  8. Epidemiology and infection · 2025
    Review
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  11. The origin, invasion history and resistance architecture ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
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  18. Review
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  20. Distribution and Abundance ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kelly L BennettSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Carmelo Gómez MartínezSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Alejandro AlmanzaSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Jose R RoviraSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
W Owen McMillanSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Vanessa EnriquezThe University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA.
Elia BarrazaThe University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA.
Marcela DiazThe University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA.
Javier E Sanchez-GalanUniversidad Tecnológica de Panamá, Panamá, Republic of Panama.
Ari WhitemanSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama.
Rolando A GittensInstituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, Republic of Panama. rgittens@indicasat.org.pa.
Jose R LoaizaSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa Ancón, Republic of Panama. jloaiza@indicasat.org.pa.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5195-8540

Funding

EPA EP-C-15-002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. The used-tire industry is an effective means of Aedes dispersal, yet studies to determine Aedes occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. To assess infestation along the primary transport network of Panama we documented all existing garages that trade used tires on the highway and surveyed a subset for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We also assess the ability of a mass spectrometry approach to classify mosquito eggs by comparing our findings to those based on traditional larval surveillance.

resultsBoth Aedes species had a high infestation rate in garages trading used tires along the highways, providing a conduit for rapid dispersal across Panama. However, generalized linear models revealed that the presence of Ae. aegypti is associated with an increase in road density by a log-odds of 0.44 (0.73 ± 0.16; P = 0.002), while the presence of Ae. albopictus is associated with a decrease in road density by a log-odds of 0.36 (0.09 ± 0.63; P = 0.008). Identification of mosquito eggs by mass spectrometry depicted similar occurrence patterns for both Aedes species as that obtained with traditional rearing methods.

conclusionsGarages trading used tires along highways should be targeted for the surveillance and control of Aedes-mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit. The identification of mosquito eggs using mass spectrometry allows for the rapid evaluation of Aedes presence, affording time and cost advantages over traditional vector surveillance; this is of importance for disease risk assessment.

Indexed as

AedesRubberAnimal DistributionAnimalsArbovirusesLarvaMosquito ControlMosquito VectorsMotor VehiclesPanamaTransportationRubberAedes mosquitoesArboviral vectorsDisease controlHuman-assisted transportPanamaVector surveillance

Identifiers

PMID31133041
PMCPMC6537307

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.