ArticleObesity facts2019
Limitations of Fat-Free Mass for the Assessment of Muscle Mass in Obesity.
Article in Obesity facts, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Calorie Restriction With and Without Strength, Endurance or Mixed Training on Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Overweight or Obese Individuals-A Systematic Review With Pairwise Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Differences in Physical Fitness and Body Composition Between Active and Sedentary Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2022Pooled it
- Musculoskeletal characteristics in older adults with overweight or obesity: INVEST in Bone Health trial baseline analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Benefits of Krill Oil Supplementation During Alternate-Day Fasting in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Effects of a Web-Based Lifestyle Intervention on Weight Loss and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults With Overweight and Obesity: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
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- Effects of very low volume high intensity versus moderate intensity interval training in obese metabolic syndrome patients: a randomized controlled study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Low-volume high-intensity interval training improves cardiometabolic health, work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals: a randomized-controlled trial sub-study.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Trial
- Sustained weight loss exceeding 100 kg with sequential incretin-based therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Rethinking Biva in obesity: systematic vector displacement across the adiposity spectrum.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Defining Healthy Weight Loss and Target Weight in the Era of Highly Effective Treatment of Patients With Obesity.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Review
- A Pilot Study of Salmon Protein Hydrolysate (ProGoBiomedicines · 2026Article
- Methodological standards for body composition assessment-an expert-endorsed guide for research and clinical applications: bioimpedance, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, and ultrasound methods.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Resting Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation Following Sleeve Gastrectomy in Hispanic Adults with Obesity.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Dietary patterns and protein density associations with fat-free mass in a cross-sectional analysis of rural Iranian adults with overweight and obesity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Understanding Impact of Anti-Obesity Medications on Skeletal Muscle Mass Change Is Confounded by Measurement Methods.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Long-Term Body Composition Trajectories After Bariatric Surgery: A 5-Year Comparative Study of Biliopancreatic Diversion, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, and Sleeve Gastrectomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Variability in BIA-Derived Muscle Mass Estimates: Device Choice Impacts Diagnostic Classification.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Effect of Qingre Lishi decoction on anthropometric and metabolic risk indices in obese patients with newly diagnosed T2DM: a real-world observational study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA high amount of adipose tissue limits the accuracy of methods for body composition analysis in obesity.
objectivesThe aim was to quantify and explain differences in fat-free mass (FFM) (as an index of skeletal muscle mass, SMM) measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and deuterium dilution in comparison to multicompartment models, and to improve the results of BIA for obese subjects.
methodsIn 175 healthy subjects (87 men and 88 women, BMI 20-43.3 kg/m2, 18-65 years), FFM measured by these methods was compared with results from a 3- (3C) and a 4-compartment (4C) model. FFM4C was compared with SMM measured by magnetic resonance imaging.
resultsBIA and DXA overestimated and ADP underestimated FFM in comparison to 3C and 4C models with increasing BMI (all p < 0.001). -Differences were largest for DXA. In obesity, BIA results were improved: valuecorrected = -valueuncorrected - a(BMI - 30 kg/m2), a = 0.256 for FFM and a = 0.298 for SMM. SMM accounts for 45% of FFM in women and 49% in men.
conclusionsIn obesity, the use of FFM is limited by a systematic error of reference methods. In addition, SMM accounts for about 50% of FFM only. Corrected measurement of SMM by BIA can overcome these drawbacks.
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