ArticleAppetite2019
Associations between timing and quality of solid food introduction with infant weight-for-length z-scores at 12 months: Findings from the Nurture cohort.
Article in Appetite, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Indexes to assess feeding practices of children under 2 years old: a systematic review.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between the Early Introduction of Solid Food and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Parental Decision-Making Around Introducing Complementary Foods: An Integrative Review.Journal of family nursing · 2023Review
- Caregiver feeding decisions and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with snack food intake during infancy and toddlerhood.Appetite · 2023Article
- Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Obesity during Adolescence and Feeding Practices during Infancy: Cross-Sectional Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Infant Diet Quality Index Predicts Dietary and Adiposity Outcomes in US Children 2 to 4 years old.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Feeding and Activity Environments for Infants and Toddlers in Childcare Centers and Family Childcare Homes in Southeastern New England.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Maternal Employment and Infant BMI z Score in a US Birth Cohort.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Article
- Nutrition Provided to Infants in Licensed Childcare Centers and Homes: A Descriptive Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Associations of Less Healthy Snack Food Consumption with Infant Weight-for-Length Z-Score Trajectories: Findings from the Nurture Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study assesses associations of the timing and quality of solid foods introduced during infancy with weight-for-length (WFL) z-scores at 12 months within the Nurture cohort. Women from North Carolina self-reported sociodemographics, the timing and type of solid food introduction, and reasons for introducing solids; infant anthropometrics were measured every 3 months through 1 year (n = 666). Frequency (0-5x/day) infants consumed fruits and vegetables was used to compute a mean (4-12 months) healthy food score (HFS), and sweets, french fries, snacks, and ice cream was used to compute a mean unhealthy food score (UnHFS). Multivariable-adjusted generalized linear models were used to examine the relationship of early solid food introduction, HFS quartiles (Q), UnHFS quartiles, and interactions between these variables with WFL z-scores at 12 months (n = 449). Exploratory analyses evaluated WFL z-scores among 4 groups of infants with high/low HFS and high/low UnHFS. On average, mothers were 28 years with a pre-pregnancy BMI of 30.5 kg/m
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