ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2019
HIPs and HIP-reactive T cells.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Crinophagy in Pancreatic Beta Cells: From Insulin Granule Turnover to Diabetes Pathogenesis.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- A multi-level machine learning pipeline for prediction and prioritization of hybrid insulin peptides in type 1 diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Proinsulin C-peptide is a major source of HLA-DQ8 restricted hybrid insulin peptides recognized by human islet-infiltrating CD4PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- An Insulin-Chromogranin A Hybrid Peptide Activates DR11-Restricted T Cells in Human Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2024Article
- Cathepsin D Drives the Formation of Hybrid Insulin Peptides Relevant to the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes · 2022Article
- Article
- Mass Spectrometry Approaches Empowering Neuropeptide Discovery and Therapeutics.Pharmacological reviews · 2022Review
- Aberrant expression of transglutaminase 2 in pancreas and thymus of NOD mice underscores the importance of deamidation in neoantigen generation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Spliced HLA-bound peptides: a Black Swan event in immunology.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Review
- Historical and new insights into pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (2).Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Inherent Beta Cell Dysfunction Contributes to Autoimmune Susceptibility.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Identifying New Hybrid Insulin Peptides (HIPs) in Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Are There Indeed Spliced Peptides in the Immunopeptidome?Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2021Article
- Neoepitopes in Type 1 Diabetes: Etiological Insights, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Historical and new insights into pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- Hybrid insulin peptides are neo-epitopes for CD4 T cells in autoimmune diabetes.Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mounting evidence implicates hybrid insulin peptides (HIPs) as important autoantigens in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). These fusion peptides formed between insulin and other pancreatic beta cell-derived peptides contain non-genomically encoded amino acid sequences, making them plausible targets for autoreactive T cells in T1D. HIPs are detectable by mass spectrometry in human and murine islets and are targeted by diabetes-inducing T cells in non-obese diabetic mice as well as by T cells isolated from the residual pancreatic islets of human organ donors with T1D. The discovery of HIPs comes with numerous new challenges, as well as opportunities to study the pathogenesis of T1D. Here we review the original discovery of HIPs and describe recent studies investigating the role of HIP-reactive T cells in the development of diabetes. We also discuss potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the generation of HIPs in beta cells and describe challenges that need to be addressed in the field of mass spectrometry to enable the discovery of new HIPs. The identification of these potentially disease-driving antigens in T1D is of key interest to the field as it may provide new tools to predict, prevent and potentially reverse the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.