ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Survival of Long-Lived Plasma Cells (LLPC): Piecing Together the Puzzle.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained salivary IgG but short-lived IgA responses following primary and booster MenACWY-TT vaccination in older adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- A Systems Biology Approach Identifies B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) as a Biomarker Reflecting Oral Vaccine Induced IgA Antibody Responses in Humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Resetting immunometabolic set points in autoimmune disease.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Review
- Ex vivo bone marrow subniches influence the fate of human antibody-secreting cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Protocol for isotype-resolved 3D imaging and quantification of bone marrow plasma cells in murine femurs.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS by TACI sustains bone marrow plasma cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Integrative agent-based modeling of cutaneous lupus: single-cell benchmarking and in silico evaluation of B-cell therapies.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Transient prophylactic immunosuppression with abatacept or dasatinib prevents immune responses in AAV gene transfer.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Endogenous CD28 Drives the Persistent Activity of CAR T Cells in Myeloma and Lymphoma Models.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Multi-omic profiling of human antibody-secreting cells reveals diverse subsets sustain durable humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Restriction of IgA secretion in gut plasma cells is driven by a tissue-specific glycolytic program.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Intranasal DC-targeting vaccine booster elicits durable and cross-clade protective immunity against sarbecoviruses in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Plasmablast, memory B cell and T follicular helper cell responses after human papillomavirus vaccination: effect of dose number and age.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Extending ImmunoSpotVaccines · 2026Article
- Why are long-lived plasma cells long-lived?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revisiting B-cell targeted therapies in rheumatoid arthritis: from paradoxical biology to deep immune reset.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the autoimmune architecture of pemphigus: from B-cell depletion to network-based immune engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Durable humoral immunity is dependent upon the generation of antigen-specific antibody titers, produced by non-proliferating bone marrow resident long-lived plasma cells (LLPC). Longevity is the hallmark of LLPC, but why and how they survive and function for years after antigen exposure is only beginning to be understood. LLPC are not intrinsically long-lived; they require continuous signals from the LLPC niche to survive. Signals unique to LLPC survival (vs. PC survival in general) most notably include those that upregulate the anti-apoptotic factor Mcl-1 and activation of the CD28 receptor expressed on LLPC. Other potential factors include expression of BCMA, upregulation of the transcription factor ZBTB20, and upregulation of the enzyme ENPP1. Metabolic fitness is another key component of LLPC longevity, facilitating the diversion of glucose to generate pyruvate during times of stress to facilitate long term survival. A third major component of LLPC survival is the microenvironment/LLPC niche itself. Cellular partners such as stromal cells, dendritic cells, and T regulatory cells establish a niche for LLPC and drive survival signaling by expressing ligands such as CD80/CD86 for CD28 and producing soluble and stromal factors that contribute to LLPC longevity. These findings have led to the current paradigm wherein both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms are required for the survival of LLPC. Here we outline this diverse network of signals and highlight the mechanisms thought to regulate and promote the survival of LLPC. Understanding this network of signals has direct implications in increasing our basic understanding of plasma cell biology, but also in vaccine and therapeutic drug development to address the pathologies that can arise from this subset.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.