ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2019
Supplementary delta-rod configurations provide superior stiffness and reduced rod stress compared to traditional multiple-rod configurations after pedicle subtraction osteotomy: a finite element study.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salvage of pediatric spondyloptosis treated with sacral pedicle subtraction osteotomy: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
- Biomechanics of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies and associated reconstructive instrumentation strategies: a comprehensive narrative review.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Biomechanical advantages of double-trajectory screws technique combined with multiple-rod constructs in lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy: a finite element analysis study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Optimal Placement of Supplemental Accessory Rods to Prevent Rod Fracture at the Lumbosacral Junction in Long Spinopelvic Fixation Using Lateral Interbody Fusion: A Biomechanical Experimental Study Using a Synthetic Bone Model and a Finite Element Model.Spine surgery and related research · 2025Article
- The Approach to Pseudarthrosis After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Is a Multiple-Rod Construct Necessary?Global spine journal · 2023Article
- Biomechanical comparison of multi-rod constructs by satellite rod configurations (in-line vs. lateral) and screw types (monoaxial vs. polyaxial) spanning a lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO): is there an optimal configuration?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2022Article
- Clinical Results of Utilizing the Satellite Rod Technique in Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis Kyphosis.Orthopaedic surgery · 2022Article
- Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis of the spine: lessons learned from the first reported case.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
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- Sagittal Deformity Correction in a Patient Suffering From Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Who Previously Underwent a Total Hip and Bilateral Knee Replacement.Geriatric orthopaedic surgery & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Total en bloc spondylectomy combined with the satellite rod technique for spinal tumors.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2020Article
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- Revision strategies for failed adult spinal deformity surgery.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2020Article
- Revision surgery in distal junctional kyphosis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2020Review
- Revision surgery for tumors of the thoracic and lumbar spine: causes, prevention, and treatment strategy.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe biomechanical performance of conventional multi-rod configurations (satellite rods and accessory rods) in pedicle subtraction osteotomies has been previously studied in vitro and using finite element models (FEM). Delta and delta-cross rods are innovative multi-rod configurations where the rod bends were placed only in its proximal and distal extremities in order to obtain a dorsal translation of the central part of the rod respect to the most angulated area of the main rods. However, the biomechanical properties of the delta and delta-cross rods have not been investigated. This study used FEM to analyze the effect of delta-rod configurations on the stiffness and primary rod stress reduction in multiple-rod constructs after pedicle subtraction osteotomy.
methodsThe global range of motion in the spine and the magnitude and distribution of the von Mises stress in the rods were studied using a spine finite element model described previously. A follower load of 400 N along with moments of 7.5 N in flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation were tested on the spine model. Initial breakage was created on the rod based on the maximum stress location. The post-breakage models were tested under flexion.
resultsDelta and delta-cross rods reduced more range of motion (up to 45% more reduction) and reduced more primary rod stress than other previously tested rod configurations (up to 48% more reduction). After initial rod fracture occurred, delta and delta-cross rods also had less range of motion (up to 23.6% less) and less rod von Mises stress (up to 81.2% less) than other rod configurations did.
conclusionsDelta and delta-cross rods have better biomechanical performance than satellite rods and accessory rods in pedicle subtraction osteotomies in terms of construct stiffness and rod stress reduction. After the initial rod breakage occurred, the delta and delta-cross rods could minimize the loss of fixation, which have less rod stress and greater residual stiffness than other rod configurations do. Based on this FEA study, delta-rod configurations show more favorable biomechanical behavior than previously described multi-rod configurations. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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