ArticleThe Science of the total environment2019
Association of perfluoroalkyl substances exposure with cardiometabolic traits in an island population of the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between PFAS exposure and dyslipidemia: an updated review, meta-analysis, and evaluation of bias.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- The relationship between metabolic syndrome and environmental endocrine disruptors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.iScience · 2025Article
- Age-specific associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Perfluoroalkyl/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Links to Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Article
- Association of PFDeA exposure with hypertension (NHANES, 2013-2018).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Associations between Exposures to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, or Insulin Resistance: A Scoping Review.Journal of xenobiotics · 2021Article
- Associations of Perfluoroalkyl Substances with Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Highly Exposed Young Adult Community Residents-A Cross-Sectional Study in Veneto Region, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Cardiovascular Disease: Experimental and Epidemiological Evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and gestational weight gain among mothers in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2021Article
- Perfluoroalkyl substances are associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension in highly exposed young adults.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), ubiquitous environmental contaminants, may be related to cardiometabolic diseases in adults. Studies in European populations to examine the association of PFAS exposure and comprehensive cardiometabolic traits and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are limited.
methodsIn this pilot cross-sectional study of a well-characterized adult population of the island of Hvar, situated off the eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia, we measured PFAS concentrations in plasma samples collected during 2007-2008 and examined their cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic traits and MetS after adjustment of covariates (n = 122). PFAS investigated in this study included perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA).
resultsThe geometric mean (range) was 8.91 (2.36, 33.67) ng/mL for PFOS, 2.87 (1.03, 8.02) ng/mL for PFOA, 0.77 (0.25, 2.40) ng/mL for PFHxS, and 1.29 (0.48, 3.46) ng/mL for PFNA, with frequency of detection at 100%, 100%, 95.9%, and 100%, respectively. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA concentrations were positively associated with the risk of MetS as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria, with estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals at 1.89 (0.93, 3.86), 2.19 (0.88, 5.44), and 2.95 (1.12, 7.80), respectively, with only PFNA reaching statistical significance. PFNA concentrations were associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity.
conclusionsBackground exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA was marginally associated with increased risk of MetS in this small study, and these results should be confirmed with a larger sample size and longitudinal follow-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.