ArticleThe journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice
Associations Between Inflammatory Endotypes and Clinical Presentations in Chronic Rhinosinusitis.
Article in The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 203 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Evaluation of Dupilumab in Patients With Severe Eosinophilic Chronic Sinusitis Without Nasal Polyposis
Sinonasal Microbiome Transplant as a Therapy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS): A Randomized , Placebo Controlled Cross Over Trial
Safety and Efficacy of Nebulized Nasal Steroids for the Treatment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Who cites it
203 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 424 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of tezepelumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- The nature of nasal discharge in chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis using patient-reported outcomes.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2025Pooled it
- Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Early and Sustained Improvements in Sense of Smell With Tezepelumab Treatment in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (WAYPOINT).International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Trial
- The Global Airways in Practice: Long-term Effects of Mepolizumab With or Without FESS on Type 2 Inflammation in Patients With CRSwNP.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness and Safety of Dupilumab Monotherapy in Japanese Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.The Laryngoscope · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of an oral CRTH2 antagonist (AZD1981) in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Trial
- Long-acting implantable corticosteroid matrix for chronic rhinosinusitis: Results of LANTERN Phase 2 randomized controlled study.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Trial
- Studies of the role of basophils in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease pathogenesis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- Article
- The clinical course of nasal polyps in relation with histological and radiological findings.Asia Pacific allergy · 2026Article
- AI-based prediction of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease using nasal epithelial mRNA expression profiles.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Immune Clues to Sinus Blues: Linking Biomarkers to Radiologic Score of Rhinosinusitis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2026Article
- Beyond type 2 inflammation: An innate-myeloid axis is linked to recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Could Dupilumab Improve Sleep Quality in CRSwNP Patients: Myth or Reality? A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Uncovering Cystic Fibrosis Carrier: Insights From a Heterozygous CFTR-F508del Rabbit Model.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Th2 and Th17/Th1 Inflammatory Profiles in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Associations with Vitamin D Status and Disease Severity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Olfactory mucosal inflammation and barrier disruption correlate with perceived CRSwNP-associated olfactory dysfunction.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- Extension of Dupilumab Injection Intervals in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Real-World Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improvement of Mixed Inflammatory Environment in Nasal Secretions of Diffuse Type 2 Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Under Dupilumab.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
143 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by mucosal inflammation in the nose and paranasal sinuses. Inflammation in CRS is also heterogeneous and is mainly characterized by type 2 (T2) inflammation, but subsets of patients show type 1 (T1) and type 3 (T3) inflammation. Whether inflammatory endotypes are associated with clinical phenotypes has yet to be explored in detail.
objectiveTo identify associations between inflammatory endotypes and clinical presentations in CRS.
methodsWe compared 121 patients with nonpolypoid CRS (CRSsNP) and 134 patients with polypoid CRS (CRSwNP) and identified inflammatory endotypes using markers including IFN-γ (T1), eosinophil cationic protein (T2), Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin (T2), and IL-17A (T3). We collected clinical parameters from medical and surgical records and examined whether there were any associations between endotype and clinical features.
resultsThe presence of nasal polyps, asthma comorbidity, smell loss, and allergic mucin was significantly associated with the presence of T2 endotype in all patients with CRS. The T1 endotype was significantly more common in females, and the presence of pus was significantly associated with T3 endotype in all patients with CRS. We further analyzed these associations in CRSsNP and CRSwNP separately and found that smell loss was still associated with T2 endotype and pus with the T3 endotype in both CRSsNP and CRSwNP. Importantly, patients with CRS with T2 and T3 mixed endotype tended to have clinical presentations shared by both T2 and T3 endotypes.
conclusionsClinical presentations are directly associated with inflammatory endotypes in CRS. Identification of inflammatory endotypes may allow for more precise and personalized medical treatments in CRS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.