Dietary Nutrient Patterns and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study from Iran

Background: Prostate cancer is the second common cancer in the world. Although some associations between dietary intakes and prostate cancer have been found, the effects of dietary nutrients interactions have not yet evaluated. The aim of this study is to assess the association between nutrient patterns and risk of prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Ninety-seven patients with prostate cancer and 205 controls were asked about their demographic and dietary intakes using validated questionnaires. To extract nutrient patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the 35 nutrient items were applied. Varimax rotation was used for improving interpretation and minimizing correlation between the factors. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of prostate cancer by higher scores on the nutrient patterns. Results: High adherence to the “plant source” pattern was negatively associated with prostate cancer risk (OR 0.29 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile; 95% CI= 0.13 – 0.65; P value for trend:<0.003). Similarly, the “antioxidant and fiber” pattern was associated with decreasing risk of prostate cancer (OR 0.06 for the highest vs. the lowest score tertile;95% CI=0.02 – 0.19; P value for trend:<0.001). There was no significant association for the “mixed” and “vitamin and minerals” pattern with risk of prostate cancer. Conclusion: This study confirms the potential and important role of nutrients on prostate cancer risk. Our finding revealed that “antioxidant and fiber” and “plant source” pattern is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk; however, further longitudinal and trial studies are needed to make a firm conclusion.