ArticleDevelopmental psychobiology2020
Assessment of autonomic function in the late term fetus: The effects of sex and state.
Article in Developmental psychobiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The role of fetal heart rate in first trimester sonograms in prediction of fetal sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Pooled it
- Fetal Heart Rate Variability Is Affected by Fetal Movements: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Pooled it
- Co-developing sleep-wake and sensory foundations for cognition in the human fetus and newborn.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Wearable technology for health monitoring during pregnancy: an observational cross-sectional survey study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Observational
- Analgesia for fetal pain during prenatal surgery: 10 years of progress.Pediatric research · 2021Review
- Maternal Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants Have Acute Effects on Fetal Heart Rate Variability in Late Gestation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Tracking evoked responses to auditory and visual stimuli in fetuses exposed to maternal high-risk conditions.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Researchers have reported associations between fetal sex and heart rate (FHR) and heart rate variability (FHRV) but rarely in the context of fetal behavioral sleep state. We examined differences in measures of fetal autonomic function by sex and sleep state. Fetal abdominal ECG monitoring technology was used to measure FHR and two measures of FHRV-standard deviation of FHR (SD) and beat-to-beat variability (RMSSD). FHR and movement patterns were also recorded with standard Doppler ultrasound monitor technology employed to code sleep states. Data were collected from 82 healthy fetuses ranging from 36 to 39 weeks gestation. A one-way MANOVA showed that FHR was significantly lower and SD was significantly higher for males than females. Independent samples t tests found that these sex differences were only in the active sleep state. There were no significant differences in RMSSD by sex. Repeated measures MANOVA for a subset that exhibited more than one state (N = 22) showed that SD was significantly different by state. RMSSD showed a marginally significant sleep state difference. In conclusion, fetal sex differences in HR and HRV may indicate more mature autonomic functioning in near-term males than females and fetal sleep state can influence abdominal fECG derived measures of FHR and FHRV.
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Registered trials
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