ArticleRespiratory research2019
Risk factors for diagnostic delay in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Respiratory research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
ULtrasOund Applicability in the Assessment of Patients With fibRosing Interstitial Lung Disease (LORD): A Research Protocol of a Single Center, Real-life, Prospective Observational Study
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of time to diagnosis in patients with progressive fibrotic ILD: a systematic review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Pooled it
- Health-related quality of life and health state utility value in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Pooled it
- Interstitial lung abnormalities in a large clinical lung cancer screening cohort: association with mortality and ILD diagnosis.Respiratory research · 2023Trial
- Longitudinal serological assessment of type VI collagen turnover is related to progression in a real-world cohort of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Trial
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis update, comparing the Australasian Interstitial Lung Disease Registry to the Australian Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- From ideal respiratory health to chronic lung disease: indicators of impaired respiratory health.Expert review of respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- Patient reports of evaluations for interstitial lung disease in patients with connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis: an international survey.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Real-World Experience with Nintedanib in a Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis Cohort.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Natural language processing-based intervention to detect interstitial lung abnormalities.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Tweaking the Complex Fibrogenic Role of Lymphocytes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Healthcare utilisation preceding the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- Biomarkers on Fibrotic Lung Diseases Associated with Usual Interstitial Pneumonia.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases in India: national challenges and implications for global health policies.Health research policy and systems · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of PANoptosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis based on scRNA-seq and bulk-seq.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- The benefits of a rapid diagnostic primary care circuit for interstitial lung disease.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- Regional Medical Collaboration May Lead to Early Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The exosomal protein biomarkers auxiliary in diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of early idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current status and future perspective.Respiratory research · 2025Review
- The interstitial lung disease patient pathway: from referral to diagnosis.ERJ open research · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSurveys and retrospective studies of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have shown a significant diagnostic delay. However, the causes and risk factors for this delay are not known.
methodsDates at six time points before the IPF diagnosis (onset of symptoms, first contact to a general practitioner, first hospital contact, referral to an interstitial lung disease (ILD) centre, first visit at an ILD centre, and final diagnosis) were recorded in a multicentre cohort of 204 incident IPF patients. Based on these dates, the delay was divided into specific patient-related and healthcare-related delays. Demographic and clinical data were used to determine risk factors for a prolonged delay, using multivariate negative binomial regression analysis.
resultsThe median diagnostic delay was 2.1 years (IQR: 0.9-5.0), mainly attributable to the patients, general practitioners and community hospitals. Male sex was a risk factor for patient delay (IRR: 3.84, 95% CI: 1.17-11.36, p = 0.006) and old age was a risk factor for healthcare delay (IRR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p = 0.004). The total delay was prolonged in previous users of inhalation therapy (IRR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.40-2.88, p < 0.0001) but not in patients with airway obstruction. Misdiagnosis of respiratory symptoms was reported by 41% of all patients.
conclusionDespite increased awareness of IPF, the diagnostic delay is still 2.1 years. Male sex, older age and treatment attempts for alternative diagnoses are risk factors for a delayed diagnosis of IPF. Efforts to reduce the diagnostic delay should focus on these risk factors.
trial registrationThis study was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02772549) on May 10, 2016.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.