ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2019
Health Benefits of Heat-Killed (Tyndallized) Probiotics: An Overview.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 305 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
305 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 580 citations in OpenAlex.
- It's Dead! Can Postbiotics Really Help Performance and Recovery? A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of adding postbiotics in infant formula: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2026Trial
- Heat-TreatedNutrients · 2025Trial
- Enhancement of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Reduction of Inflammation in the Elderly: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial ComparingNutrients · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of a yeast postbiotic on cold/flu symptoms in healthy children: A randomized-controlled trial.Pediatric research · 2024Trial
- Effect of PostbioticNutrients · 2024Trial
- The Effectiveness of Heat-KilledNutrients · 2024Trial
- Dysregulated eating behaviour and microbiota-based interventions targeting eating disorders and food addiction.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Viability-Dependent and Structural Modulation of IL-10 Secretion in THP-1 Cells by Lactobacillus gasseri and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Effect of Non-viable Probiotics on Obesity-Related Outcomes in Rodent Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Postbiotics and Paraprobiotics as Next-Generation Gut Microbiome Modulators in Sustainable Aquaculture Health.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Identifying Key Bioactive Components in Postbiotic Preparations: From Candidate Discovery to Functional Validation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Preservation of Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Properties in a Heat-Treated Probiotic Blend: Insights from Preclinical Models.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Functional Characterization of Breast Milk-DerivedMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Postbiotics in Food Systems: Components, Production Methods, Food Applications, Functional Properties, and Technological Challenges.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Gastric Microbiota Dysbiosis and Microbiome-Based Interventions in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Postbiotics as Emerging Therapeutics for Allergic Diseases: A Novel Approach Beyond Live Biologics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- A novel postbiotic fromJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Heat-KilledInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
245 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays, the oral use of probiotics is widespread. However, the safety profile with the use of live probiotics is still a matter of debate. Main risks include: Cases of systemic infections due to translocation, particularly in vulnerable patients and pediatric populations; acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes; or interference with gut colonization in neonates. To avoid these risks, there is an increasing interest in non-viable microorganisms or microbial cell extracts to be used as probiotics, mainly heat-killed (including tyndallized) probiotic bacteria (lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria). Heat-treated probiotic cells, cell-free supernatants, and purified key components are able to confer beneficial effects, mainly immunomodulatory effects, protection against enteropathogens, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. At the clinical level, products containing tyndallized probiotic strains have had a role in gastrointestinal diseases, including bloating and infantile coli-in combination with mucosal protectors-and diarrhea. Heat-inactivated probiotics could also have a role in the management of dermatological or respiratory allergic diseases. The reviewed data indicate that heat-killed bacteria or their fractions or purified components have key probiotic effects, with advantages versus live probiotics (mainly their safety profile), positioning them as interesting strategies for the management of common prevalent conditions in a wide variety of patients´ characteristics.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.