Trial reportMedicine2019
Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on hard exudates in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Trial report in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Flavonoid Supplementation on Common Eye Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Metal ions in aging and ocular diseases: biology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies.npj aging · 2026Review
- Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Protect Against Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Proanthocyanidin offers protection against diabetic nephropathy: elucidation of its mechanism of action using animal models.Pharmaceutical biology · 2024Review
- Genetic and Transcriptomic Background of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Therapies in Late Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparison of the efficacy and safety of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and nifedipine in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon: An open-label, randomized, prospective pilot study.Archives of rheumatology · 2023Article
- The effects of oligomeric proanthocyanidins on hydroxychloroquine-induced retinopathy as revealed by nationwide medical claim data for South Korea.Archives of rheumatology · 2023Article
- Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins: An Updated Review of Their Natural Sources, Synthesis, and Potentials.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress and NRF2/KEAP1/ARE Pathway in Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD): New Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Role of Oral Antioxidant Supplementation in the Current Management of Diabetic Retinopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Antioxidants for the Treatment of Retinal Disease: Summary of Recent Evidence.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Review
- Efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept on non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a retrospective study.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- Therapeutic effects of herbal medicines in different types of retinopathies: A systematic review.Avicenna journal of phytomedicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).
methodsIn this randomized (1:2:2), multicentre, double-blind trial, patients (n = 124; age: 40-78 years) were administered placebo, calcium dobesilate (CD; 750 mg/d), or GSPE (150 mg/d) orally for up to 12 months. All patients had retinal thickening with hard exudates (HEs) that met predefined criteria; the median best-corrected visual acuity was 0.8, as assessed using the Snellen visual acuity card. The main outcome measure was an improvement in HEs by at least 1 grade on a 10-grade severity scale. This was evaluated using fundus photography over 1 year.
resultsThe rate of improvement in the HE severity was higher in the GSPE group than in the CD group. No statistically significant difference existed among the study groups in optical coherence tomography parameters, such as central subfield macular thickness and total macular volume (TMV). However, in the GSPE group, TMV after 9 months of treatment was significantly decreased compared with that at baseline. The GSPE group showed a significantly greater improvement in HE severity than did the placebo or CD group. Four cases in the GSPE group and 2 in the CD group were determined to have developed potential treatment-related adverse reactions, which were all gastrointestinal in nature.
conclusionsOral GSPE therapy for 1 year improved HEs in patients with NPDR. The efficacy of GSPE for HEs was higher than that of oral CD in the study patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.