ArticleJournal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS2019
Neuropsychological Test Norms in Cognitively Intact Oldest-Old.
Article in Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Longevity and cognitive resilience in a Colombian family carrying theJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Contribution of health history and neuropathologic changes to the likelihood of dementia in those with intermediate/high Alzheimer's pathology: findings from The 90 + Study.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Association of Subjective Memory Complaints With Neuropathologic Changes at Age 90 or Older: The 90+ Study.Neurology · 2025Article
- The Temporal Relation of Physical Function with Cognition and the Influence of Brain Health in the Oldest-Old.Gerontology · 2025Article
- Cerebral perfusion and amyloidosis in the oldest-old.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Identifying longitudinal cognitive resilience from cross-sectional amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Article
- Resilience to AD pathology in Top Cognitive Performers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Is the association between blood pressure and cognition in the oldest-old modified by physical, vascular or brain pathology markers? The EMIF-AD 90 + Study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Self-reported sleep in relation to risk of dementia a quarter of a century later at age 90+:Behavioral sleep medicine · 2023Article
- White matter microstructural correlates of associative learning in the oldest-old.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Characterizing Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy Without Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Dementia in the Oldest Old: A Case Series.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- The aging mind: A complex challenge for research and practice.Aging brain · 2023Review
- Naming in Older Adults: Complementary Auditory and Visual Assessment.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2022Article
- Subjective cognitive decline is associated with a higher risk of objective cognitive decline: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Norms and equivalences for MoCA-30, MoCA-22, and MMSE in the oldest-old.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- Diagnosis and Management of Cognitive Concerns in the Oldest-Old.Current treatment options in neurology · 2021Review
- Regional Cortical Thickness Predicts Top Cognitive Performance in the Elderly.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
- UDSNB 3.0 Neuropsychological Test Norms in Older Adults from a Diverse Community: Results from the Einstein Aging Study (EAS).Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- Less Is Better: Single-Digit Brain Functional Connections Predict T2DM and T2DM-Induced Cognitive Impairment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms by Cognitive Status for Mexican-Americans Aged 85 and Older.Gerontology & geriatric medicineArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIndividuals aged 90 or older (oldest-old), the fastest growing segment of the population, are at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment compared with younger old. Neuropsychological evaluation of the oldest-old is important yet challenging in part because of the scarcity of test norms for this group. We provide neuropsychological test norms for cognitively intact oldest-old.
methodsTest norms were derived from 403 cognitively intact participants of The 90+ Study, an ongoing study of aging and dementia in the oldest-old. Cognitive status of intact oldest-old was determined at baseline using cross-sectional approach. Individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia or dementia (according to DSM-IV criteria) were excluded. Participants ranged in age from 90 to 102 years (mean=94). The neuropsychological battery included 11 tests (Mini-Mental Status Examination, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, Boston Naming Test - Short Form, Letter Fluency Test, Animal Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test-II Short Form, Trail Making Tests A/B/C, Digit Span Forward and Backwards Test, Clock Drawing Test, CERAD Construction Subtests), and the Geriatric Depression Scale.
resultsData show significantly lower scores with increasing age on most tests. Education level, sex, and symptoms of depression were associated with performance on several tests after accounting for age.
conclusionsProvided test norms will help to distinguish cognitively intact oldest-old from those with cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2019, 25, 530-545).
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