ArticleJournal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer2019
Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) Is Prognostic in Atypical Carcinoid, Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, and Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung.
Article in Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research hotspots and trends in lung cancer STAS: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Nomogram based on clinical characteristics and radiological features for the preoperative prediction of spread through air spaces in patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2023Trial
- Prognostic Implications of Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces in Patients with Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Role of Histology in Predicting Spread Through Air Spaces (STAS) in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Diffusion attention expert model for predicting and semi-automatic localizing STAS in lung cancer histopathological images.Nature communications · 2026Article
- STAS More than a Prognostic Marker-An Evolving Factor in Operative and Adjuvant Treatment Decisions in Early-Stage NSCLC.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Correlations and prognostic impacts of tumor spread through airspaces in surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study from Jordan.Journal of pathology and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Lobar versus sub-lobar resection for clinical stage IA (≤ 2 cm) lung neuroendocrine tumor with spread through air spaces: a multi-center study.Updates in surgery · 2025Article
- Impact of robotic and non-robotic approach on spread through air spaces in early-stage lung cancer.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Perspective of Spread Through Air Spaces in Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Prediction of STAS positivity in operable non-small cell lung cancer.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2025Article
- The impact of spread through air spaces on intrapulmonary metastasis in lung cancer: a retrospective study of multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas with confirmed common origin based on histological classification alone and combined histological-molecular classification.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Predicting spread through air space of lung adenocarcinoma based on deep learning and machine learning models.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Which descriptor should spread through air spaces (STAS) be incorporated into? T descriptor versus residual tumor classification.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2025Article
- CT-based intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics nomogram to predict spread through air spaces in lung adenocarcinoma with diameter ≤ 3 cm: A multicenter study.European journal of radiology open · 2025Article
- Nomogram model for the preoperative prediction of spread through air spaces in sub-centimeter non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Article
- STAS: New explorations and challenges for thoracic surgeons.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Tumor Spread Through Air Spaces Predicts Survival in Resected Pulmonary Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTumor spread through air spaces (STAS) has prognostic significance in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. We sought to investigate the prognostic importance of STAS in lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
methodsAll tumor slides from patients with resected pathologic stage I to III lung NETs (N = 487) (299 with typical carcinoid [TC], 38 with atypical carcinoid [AC], 93 with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma [LCNEC], and 57 with SCLC) treated between 1992 and 2012 were evaluated for presence of STAS. Cumulative incidence of recurrence (CIR) and lung cancer-specific cumulative incidence of death (LC-CID) were analyzed by using a competing-risks approach.
resultsSTAS was identified in 26% of NETs (16% of TCs, 37% of ACs, 43% of LCNECs, and 46% of SCLCs). STAS was associated with distant metastasis, as well as with higher CIR and LC-CID in the overall cohort and in the AC, LCNEC, and SCLC cohorts (owing to a small number of recurrences and deaths [<5], prognostic analysis was not performed in the TC cohort). In multivariable analysis stratified by stage, STAS was significantly associated with higher CIR (subhazard ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.73-4.68, p < 0.001) and LC-CID (subhazard ratio = 2.72, 95% confidence interval: 1.57-4.70, p < 0.001), independent of histologic subtype. STAS was independently associated with CIR and LC-CID in the LCNEC cohort and LC-CID in the SCLC cohort.
conclusionsIn patients with lung NETs, STAS is associated with early distant metastasis and worse LC-CID. In patients with LCNEC or SCLC, STAS is an independent poor prognostic factor.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.