ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2019
Influence of maternal microbiota during pregnancy on infant immunity.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental autoimmune diseases and offspring's allergic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal exposure to medication and risk of childhood cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiota-targeted interventions and clinical implications for maternal-offspring health: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Non-Alcoholic Fat Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal acute and chronic inflammation in pregnancy is associated with common neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal and/or childhood acid-suppressive medication use and risk of serious infections in children: A retrospective analysis of Taiwanese medical claims data.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Perspectives on Maternal Gut Microbiota's Impact on Embryonic and Fetal Development.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Maternal Microbiome in Fetal Programming: A One Health Perspective on Translational Implications for Early-Life Health.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The Role of Diet and Gut Microbiome in CKD Progression and Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Development of gut microbiota composition in captive Asian elephants: a year-long analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Phage-steering permits antibody-mediated clearance of E. coli K1 from the gut.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Underexplored maternal microbiomes: immune, metabolic, and microbial pathways shaping pregnancy outcomes.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Maternal risk factors for biliary atresia in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Probiotic-conditioned microbiota from preterm infants modulate immune response to pathogen challenge in a microbiota-humanized mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of maternal microbiota imbalance during pregnancy on fetal cerebral neurodevelopment: Is there a link to certain autistic disorders?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Gut Health for Two: the Critical Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Pregnancy and Lactation.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Impact of Maternal Microbiota Composition on Neonatal Immunity and Early Childhood Allergies: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2025Review
- Microbiota changes in lactation in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus).FEMS microbiology ecology · 2025Article
- Practical concepts and strategies for early diagnosis and management of eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders in East-Asian children.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microbiota from various maternal sites, including the gut, vagina and breast milk, are known to influence colonization in infants. However, emerging evidence suggests that these sites may exert their influence prior to delivery, in turn influencing fetal immune development. The dogma of a sterile womb continues to be challenged. Regardless, there is convincing evidence that the composition of the maternal gut prior to delivery influences neonatal immunity. Therefore, while the presence and function of placental microbiome is not clear, there is consensus that the gut microbiota during pregnancy is a critical determinant of offspring health. Data supporting the notion of bacterial translocation from the maternal gut to extra-intestinal sites during pregnancy are emerging, and potentially explain the presence of bacteria in breast milk. Much evidence suggests that the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy potentially determines the development of atopy and autoimmune phenotypes in offspring. Here, we highlight the role of the maternal microbiota prior to delivery on infant immunity and predisposition to diseases. Moreover, we discuss potential mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.