Trial reportPloS one2019
Efficacy of virtual reality to reduce chronic low back pain: Proof-of-concept of a non-pharmacological approach on pain, quality of life, neuropsychological and functional outcome.
Trial report in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05810428 (Artificial Intelligence to Predict Surgical Outcomes and Assess Pain Neuromodulation in Trigeminal Neuralgia Subjects), which is not on this map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Artificial Intelligence to Predict Surgical Outcomes and Assess Pain Neuromodulation in Trigeminal Neuralgia Subjects
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Using 3D and 4D digital human modeling in extended reality-based rehabilitation: a systematic review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of Sensor-Based Training Using Exergaming or Virtual Reality in Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Rehabilitation Therapy on Reducing the Degree of Pain Experienced by Individuals with Low Back Pain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Use and efficacy of virtual, augmented, or mixed reality technology for chronic pain: a systematic review.Pain management · 2022Pooled it
- The effect of exercises done with virtual reality glasses on pain, daily life activities, and quality of life of individuals with lumbar disc hernia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- A multicenter feasibility randomized controlled trial using a virtual reality application of pain neuroscience education for adults with chronic low back pain.Annals of medicine · 2024Trial
- Sensory-motor training with virtual reality as a complementary intervention to manual therapy for persistent non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2024Trial
- A Novel Virtual Reality Intervention Combining Movement Exercises and Body Illusions for the Treatment of Chronic Back Pain: Prospective Feasibility Study.JMIR serious games · 2026Article
- A feasibility and acceptability of virtual reality as a pain relief measure post primary and revision total knee replacement surgery in a hospital setting: quasi-experimental study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Sex-related associations between psychoemotional factors and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prediction error coding as the computational basis for nocifensive and nocifensive-like behaviors.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- High-technology telerehabilitation for the treatment of frail and pre-frail patients: the TeleRiab4FRA study design and protocol.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Advancing Digital Access to Physical Therapy via Virtual and Extended Reality Technology: Prototype Development and Usability Evaluation.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Exploring the Effects of Virtual Reality on Pain Relief and Physical Mobility in Spa-Based Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Cardiac Telerehabilitation Program in Chronic Heart Failure: Design and Rationale of the TELEREHAB-HF Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A bibliometric mapping study of the literature on the quality of life of people living with HIV.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- Visual feedback manipulation in virtual reality alters movement-evoked pain perception in chronic low back pain.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions on Pain Catastrophizing in People with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A surprise induced by a visual-haptic illusion in virtual reality can lead to motor improvement.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Accelerating Recovery: A Case Report on Telerehabilitation for a Triathlete's Post-Meniscus Surgery Comeback.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesChronic pain, such as low-back pain, can be a highly disabling condition degrading people's quality of life (QoL). Not every patient responds to pharmacological therapies, thus alternative treatments have to be developed. The chronicity of pain can lead to a somatic dysperception, meaning a mismatch between patients' own body perception and its actual physical state. Since clinical evaluation of pain relies on patients' subjective reports, a body image disruption can be associated with an incorrect pain rating inducing incorrect treatment and a possible risk of drug abuse. Our aim was to reduce chronic low-back pain through a multimodal neurorehabilitative strategy using innovative technologies to help patients regain a correct body image.
methodsTwenty patients with chronic low-back pain were included. Before and after treatment, patients underwent: a neurological exam; a neuro-psychological evaluation testing cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive functions) and personality traits, QoL and mood; pain ratings; sensorimotor functional abilities' testing. Patients underwent a 6 week-neurorehabilitative treatment (total 12 sessions) using virtual reality (VRRS system, Khymeia, Italy). Treatment consisted on teaching patients to execute correct movements with the painful body parts to regain a correct body image, based on the augmented multisensory feedback (auditory, visual) provided by the VRRS.
resultsOur data showed significant reductions in all pain rating scale scores (p<0.05); significant improvements of QoL in the domains of physical functioning, physical role functioning, bodily pain, vitality, and social role functioning; improvements in cognitive functions (p<0.05); improvements in functional scales (p<0.05) and mood (p = 0.04).
conclusionThis non-pharmacological approach was able to act on the multi-dimensional aspects of pain and improved patients' QoL, pain intensity, mood and patient's functional abilities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.